Break oily water emulsion during petroleum enhancing production processes using green approach for the synthesis of SnCuO@FeO nanocomposite from microorganisms.

The aim of this work was to synthesize a green nanoparticle SnCuO@FeO nanocomposite core-shell to break oily water emulsions during petroleum-enhancing production processes as an alternative to chemical and physical processes. In this study, eight bacterial isolates (MHB1-MHB8) have been isolated from tree leaves, giant reeds, and soil samples. The investigation involved testing bacterial isolates for their ability to make FeO nanoparticles and choosing the best producers. The selected isolate (MHB5) was identified by amplification and sequencing of the 16S rRNA gene as Bacillus paramycoides strain OQ878685. MHB5 produced the FeO nanoparticles with the smallest particle size (78.7 nm) using DLS. XRD, FTIR, and TEM were used to characterize the biosynthesized nanoparticles. The jar experiment used SnCuO@FeO with different ratios of Sn to CuO (1:1, 2:1, and 3:1) to study the effect of oil concentration, retention time, and temperature. The most effective performance was observed with a 1:1 ratio of Sn to CuO, achieving an 85% separation efficiency at a concentration of 5 mg/L, for a duration of 5 min, and at a temperature of 373 K. Analysis using kinetic models indicates that the adsorption process can be accurately described by both the pseudo-first-order and pseudo-second-order models. This suggests that the adsorption mechanism likely involves a combination of film diffusion and intraparticle diffusion. Regarding the adsorption isotherm, the Langmuir model provides a strong fit for the data, while the D-R model indicates that physical interactions primarily govern the adsorption mechanism. Thermodynamic analysis reveals a ∆H value of 18.62 kJ/mol, indicating an exothermic adsorption process. This suggests that the adsorption is a favorable process, as energy is released during the process. Finally, the synthesized green SnCuO@FeO nanocomposite has potential for use in advanced applications in the oil and gas industry to help the industry meet regulatory compliance, lower operation costs, reduce environmental impact, and enhance production efficiency.

Metabolic profile of oxidative stress and trace elements in febrile seizures among children.

Febrile seizures (FS) are frequent convulsive disorders, occurring in infants and young children. The present study aims to assess and compare the serum levels of oxidative stress markers and some essential trace minerals in FS with normal or abnormal EEG and evaluate the effect of antioxidant therapy on the clinical outcome. This study has been carried out on 80 children with FS (40 with simple FS and 40 with complex FS) and 40 febrile children without seizures. Clinical and EEG findings were recorded for the included patients. Biochemical assays of serum nitric oxide (NO), malondialdehyde (MDA), superoxide dismutase (SOD), copper (Cu), zinc (Zn) and selenium (Se), using colorimetric methods, were measured in the studied groups. The overall results showed an increased values of NO, MDA and Cu with decreased values of SOD, Zn and Se in patients with FS (simple and complex) in comparison with febrile children without seizures (p < 0.05 for all). Additionally, NO and MDA was increased in complex FS patients with EEG abnormalities in comparison with complex FS with normal EEG findings (p < 0.05); NO and MDA were also significantly decreased after valproate therapy in complex FS patients (p < 0.05 for all). In conclusions, oxidative stress, decreased Zn and Se with increased Cu may play a role in FS. Valproate improves the oxidative stress status in complex FS.

Prognostic prediction in patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma treated with sorafenib based on expression levels of potential molecular markers in radical nephrectomy specimens.

OBJECTIVES: To investigate the expression levels of multiple molecular markers in radical nephrectomy specimens from patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma (RCC) treated with sorafenib in order to identify factors predicting susceptibility to this agent. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This study included 45 consecutive patients undergoing radical nephrectomy for clear cell RCC who were diagnosed as having metastatic diseases refractory to cytokine therapy and subsequently treated with sorafenib. Expression levels of 19 molecular markers involved in the regulation of apoptosis, cell cycle, signal transduction, and angiogenesis in primary RCC specimens were measured by immunohistochemical staining. RESULTS: There was no molecular marker having significant impact on the prediction of response to sorafenib. However, progression-free survival (PFS) was significantly associated with the expression levels of Bcl-xL and platelet-derived growth factor receptor (PDGFR)-α in addition to the presence of bone metastasis and C-reactive protein level on univariate analysis. Of these significant factors, PDGFR-α expression and the presence of bone metastasis appeared to be independently related to PFS by multivariate analysis. Furthermore, there were significant differences in PFS according to positive numbers of these 2 independent risk factors; that is, disease progression occurred in 2 of 7 patients who were negative for risk factor, 19 of 34 positive for a single risk factor, and 6 of 6 positive for both risk factors. CONCLUSIONS: Collectively, these findings suggest that it would be useful to consider expression levels of potential molecular markers, particularly PDGFR-α, as well as clinical parameters to select metastatic RCC patients likely to benefit from treatment with sorafenib.

Gmelinosides A-L, twelve acylated iridoid glycosides from Gmelina arborea.

Besides the known iridoids 6-O-alpha-L-rhamnopyranosylcatalpol (1), 6-O-(3"-O-trans-feruloyl)-alpha-L-rhamnopyranosylcatalpol (14), 6-O-(2"-O-acetyl-3", 4"-O-di-trans-cinnamoyl)-alpha-L-rhamnopyranosylcatalpol (15) and the known phenylpropanoid glycosides verbascoside (acteoside) and martynoside, 12 new acylated iridoid glycosides named gmelinosides A-L (2-13) have been isolated from the leaves of Gmelina arborea. These compounds were structurally characterized using a variety of spectral methods.

Inerminosides A and B, two novel complex iridoid glycosides from Clerodendrum inerme.

The leaves of Clerodendrum inerme have yielded two new iridoid biglycosides which have been characterized as 2'-O-[5"-O-(8-hydroxy-2,6-dimethyl-2(E)-octenoyl)-beta-D-apiofuranosy l]- mussaenosidic acid (inerminoside A) [1], and 2'-O-[5"-O-(8-hydroxy-2,6-dimethyl-2(E),6(E)-octadienoyl)-beta-D- apiofuranosyl]-8-epi-loganic acid (inerminoside B [2]), respectively. Structure elucidation was carried out both chemically and spectroscopically.

Balanitoside, a furostanol glycoside, and 6-methyldiosgenin from Balanites aegyptiaca.

In addition to a known spirostanol glycoside, balanitin-3, and a new sapogenol, 6-methyldiosgenin, a new furostanol saponin, balanitoside has been isolated from the fruits (mesocarp) of Balanites aegyptiaca. The structure of the glycoside has been determined as 26-O-beta-D-glucopyranosyl-3 beta, 22,26-trihydroxy-furost-5-ene 3-O-alpha-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1-->2)-beta-D- glucopyranosyl-(1-->4)-beta-D-glucopyranoside, on the basis of spectroscopic and chemical evidence.

Phenylpropanoid glycosides from Marrubium alysson.

From the aerial parts of Marrubium alysson a new phenylpropanoid glycoside, alyssonoside, and five known glycosides, verbascoside (= acteoside), leucosceptoside A, martynoside, forsythoside B and leucosceptoside B were isolated. On the basis of spectral data, the structure of the new compound was elucidated as beta-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)ethyl-O-[alpha-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1-->3)]-O- [beta-D-apiopyranosyl-(1-->6)]-4-O-feruloyl-beta-D-glucopyra noside.