Evaluation of the efficacy of different sources of omega-3 fatty acids in polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) induced rats.

The study was planned to check the beneficial effects of various sources of omega-3 fatty acids (synthetic, flaxseed oil, fish oil) on 45 Wistar female rats. The rats were divided into five groups and assigned to different diets i.e. NC (Negative control), PC (Positive control), SO (Synthetic omega-3 250mg/kg/orally/daily), FO (flaxseed oil 250mg/kg/orally/daily) and F (fish oil 250mg/kg/orally/diet). Animals fed on different diets were induced PCOS by an intramuscular (IM) injection of estradiol-valerate (4mg/rat/IM) except NC group. Results of the lipid profile indicated that F showed highest increase in HDL level (35.67±1.45), while cholesterol, LDL, triglycerides, blood glucose and body weight were reduced in all three treatment groups. In case of a hormonal profile, testosterone, luteinizing hormone (LH) and insulin levels showed a significant reduction after treatments. It can be concluded form the study that different sources of omega-3 fatty acids can be a new approach to treat the symptoms of PCOS.

Effects of inosine 5'-monophosphate supplementation in high fishmeal and high soybean diets on growth, immune-related gene expression in gibel carp (Carassius auratus gibelio var. CAS â ¢), and its challenge against Aeromonas hydrophila infection.

The present study was conducted to evaluate dietary inosine 5'-monophosphate (5'-IMP) on growth, immune genes expression and disease resistance against Aeromonas hydrophila in juvenile gibel carp (Carassius auratus gibelio var. CAS Ⅲ) (initial body weight: 7.48 g). Six diets were formulated containing exogenous 5'-IMP at three gradient levels (0, 0.1% and 0.2%) in the high dietary fishmeal group (15% fishmeal: D1, D2, D3) and in the high dietary soybean meal group (33% soybean meal: D4, D5, D6). Each diet was randomly allotted to triplicate tanks in a recirculating system. After the feeding trial, fish were exposed to Aeromonas hydrophila challenge. Hematological and immunological responses were analyzed before and after challenge. The results indicated that feeding rate in all 5'-IMP supplemented treatments (D2, D3, D5 and D6) and daily growth coefficient in D5 and D6 were reduced compared with those of respective control treatments (D1 and D4) without 5'-IMP addition (P < 0.05). The cumulative survival rates were numerically improved by dietary 5'-IMP supplementation (P > 0.05). Compared with the respective control treatment, in the high fishmeal group, plasma SOD and MPO were significantly elevated in D3 at the end of feeding trial (P < 0.05), plasma SOD and lysozyme were significantly increased in D3 after bacterial challenge (P < 0.05); in high soybean meal group, plasma lysozyme activity was significantly elevated in D5 post bacterial challenge (P < 0.05). Most of the expression of immune related genes (intelectin, major histocompatibility complex class II ß (MHC II ß), Complement 3 (C3), Complement component C7-1 (ccC7), lysozyme C, Interleukin 1ß (IL-1ß), Tumor necrosis factor α1 (TNF-α1), Transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-ß) and Interleukin 8 (IL-8)) in spleen, kidney and liver of the fish were significantly affected by supplementation of 5'-IMP at the end of feeding trial and post bacterial challenge. Additionally, adding 5'-IMP in high soybean meal diets exerted further effects of promoting immunity than counterparts in high fishmeal diets. Considering enhanced disease resistance, the immunopotentiation of 5'-IMP was manifested when the addition level was 0.1% in high soybean meal diets and 0.2% in high fishmeal diets.