ABSTRACT
We evaluated the effect of intravenous thermosensitive liposomal doxorubicin (TL-DOX) together with local hyperthermia on primary tumors in highly metastatic hamster osteosarcoma. This combination resulted in higher DOX concentrations in plasma, primary tumors and lungs than standard DOX under the same conditions. Tumor growth and lung metastasis were also inhibited more by TL-DOX and hyperthermia than by hyperthermia alone, DOX with or without hyperthermia, and TL-DOX without hyperthermia. In addition, gains in hamster body weight were not suppressed. These results suggest that the combination of TL-DOX and hyperthermia can control primary tumors and suppress lung metastasis in hamsters.
Subject(s)
Antineoplastic Agents/administration & dosage , Bone Neoplasms/therapy , Doxorubicin/administration & dosage , Hyperthermia, Induced , Lung Neoplasms/therapy , Osteosarcoma/therapy , Animals , Antineoplastic Agents/pharmacokinetics , Body Weight/drug effects , Bone Neoplasms/metabolism , Bone Neoplasms/pathology , Cell Division , Combined Modality Therapy , Cricetinae , Disease Models, Animal , Doxorubicin/pharmacokinetics , Incidence , Liposomes , Lung Neoplasms/metabolism , Lung Neoplasms/secondary , Mesocricetus , Osteosarcoma/metabolism , Osteosarcoma/secondary , Tissue Distribution , Treatment OutcomeABSTRACT
Two new Alangium alkaloids, 1',2'-dehydrotubulosine (1) and alangine (2), were isolated from the dried fruits of Alangium lamarckii along with tubulosine (3), isotubulosine (4), deoxytubulosine, cephaeline, isocephaeline, psychotrine, neocephaeline, 10-O-demethylcephaeline, 2'-N-(1"-deoxy-1" -beta-D-fructopyranosyl)cephaeline, protoemetine, protoemetinol, salsoline, and alangiside. The structures of the new alkaloids (1 and 2) were determined by spectroscopic and chemical means.
Subject(s)
Alkaloids/chemistry , Isoquinolines , Plants, Medicinal/chemistry , Alkaloids/isolation & purification , Circular Dichroism , Emetine/analogs & derivatives , Fruit/chemistry , India , Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy , Mass Spectrometry , Plant Extracts/analysis , Spectrophotometry, Infrared , Spectrophotometry, UltravioletABSTRACT
From the dried roots of Cephaelis acuminata, five ipecac alkaloids, neocephaeline, 7'-O-demethylcephaeline, 10-O-demethylcephaeline, 2'-N-(1"-deoxy-1"-beta-D-fructopyranosyl)cephaeline and 2'-N-(1"-deoxy-1"-beta-D-fructopyranosyl)neocephaeline, were isolated, along with emetine, cephaeline, psychotrine, protoemetine, 9-demethylprotoemetinol and isocephaeline. Structures were determined by spectroscopic and chemical means.
Subject(s)
Ipecac/chemistry , Ipecac/isolation & purification , Rubiaceae/chemistry , Mass Spectrometry , Nuclear Magnetic Resonance, Biomolecular , Plant Roots/chemistry , Spectrophotometry, Infrared , Spectrophotometry, UltravioletABSTRACT
Because nociceptive stimuli induce the skin vasomotor reflex (SVmR), the assessment of the SVmR would be a useful indicator to represent nociception. We examined 39 adult patients for the relationship between the magnitude of the SVmR and the intensity of nociceptive stimulus that induced the SVmR. Under oxygen-nitrous oxide (50%) and sevoflurane anesthesia, the SVmR was induced by an electrical impulse to the ulnar nerve and detected by a laser Doppler flowmeter. Study 1: under the end-tidal concentrations of sevoflurane at 1.2% (n = 10), 1.7% (n = 9) or 2.2% (n = 10), the SVmR was tested by a 2-s, 50-Hz tetanic electrical impulse with a current intensity changing (40, 50 or 60 mA) in a randomized order. Study 2: under the end-tidal concentration of sevoflurane at 1.7% (n = 10), the SVmR testing was performed with a 50-mA, 50-Hz tetanic electrical impulse with the current duration changing (2, 3 or 4 s) in a randomized order. The studies demonstrated significant correlations of (1) the current intensity which induces the skin vasomotor reflex (SVmR) vs. the magnitude of the SVmR under the three different anesthesia depths, (2) the anesthesia depth vs. the magnitude of the SVmR (inverse proportion) under the same current intensity and (3) the duration of electrostimulation vs. the magnitude of the SVmR. Thus, the SVmR could be helpful for the objective assessment of nociception and anti-nociceptive effects in individual cases.