ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Spinal cord stimulation has been used over the past decade for the treatment of patients suffering from intractable angina pectoris, despite having received optimal medical therapy, and who are unsuitable for further surgical intervention. The clinical results are promising and several studies have shown that the antianginal effect of the treatment is associated with a reduction in myocardial ischemia. It has been suggested, however, that spinal cord stimulation may only attenuate the transmission of pain from the heart, without influencing myocardial ischemia. This is a major safety concern when applying this treatment strategy. METHODS: The aim of this study was to assess the potentially unfavourable aspects of spinal cord stimulation in patients with severe coronary artery disease and angina pectoris by means of repeated long-term ECG recordings. Nineteen patients who had been accepted for implantation of spinal cord stimulators for the treatment of severe angina pectoris were included. RESULTS: No increases were noted in the frequency of ischemic episodes, the total ischemic burden, or the number of arrhythmic episodes during treatment. CONCLUSION: The results of this study do not indicate any unfavourable effects of spinal cord stimulation in severe angina pectoris in terms of an increase in the frequency or severity of myocardial ischemia during treatment with spinal cord stimulation.
Subject(s)
Angina Pectoris/therapy , Coronary Disease/etiology , Electric Stimulation Therapy/adverse effects , Pain Management , Aged , Angina Pectoris/complications , Angina Pectoris/physiopathology , Arrhythmias, Cardiac/etiology , Coronary Disease/physiopathology , Electrocardiography , Female , Heart Rate , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Spinal CordABSTRACT
Spontaneously hypertensive rats of the Okamoto strain (SHR) were compared with inbred normotensive rats of the Wistar-Kyoto strain (WKY) and with normally bred Wistar rats (NT) in tests on the audiogenic immobility reaction (freezing), open-field behavior in a dark and an enlightened arena respectively, auditory startle response and male sexual behavior. Compared to the WKYs the SHRs showed increased locomotion and rearing in the open-field situations, reduced startle response and shortened immobility reaction. The SHRs differed in the same way from the NT rats with the exception for motor activity in the dark arena, where no differences were observed. The WKY rats showed less motor activity than the NT animals. Both SH and WKY rats showed shorter latency time for ejaculation than the NT rats. The characteristics of the behavior patterns displayed by the SH rats were interpreted as indicating a reduced propensity for fear reactions in this strain of rats compared to the WKY and NT strains used in the present study.