[A study on quality of Paridis Rhizoma and consideration on standards of Paridis Rhizoma in Chinese Pharmacopoeia].

Thin layer chromatography, high performance liquid chromatography and multivariate statistical analysis were integrated in current study to provide a basis for the quality evaluation and the standard improvement of Paridis Rhizoma(Chinese name: Chong-lou). The results demonstrated that the primary saponins in the two authorized sources of Paridis Rhizoma were polyphyllinsⅠ, Ⅱ and Ⅶ, while the rhizome of Trillium tschonoskii an adulterant of Paridis Rhizoma was rich of polyphyllin Ⅵ. Therefore, the apparent content of polyphyllin Ⅵ plays a determinant role towards the source authentication of raw materials and decoction slices of Paridis Rhizoma, whose adulterants frequently occur in the market. Moreover, the contents of polyphyllin Ⅵ in the two authorized sources could meet the requirements of Chinese Pharmacopoeia. Therefore, we suggested that polyphyllin Ⅵ should not be omitted from the quality standard of Paridis Rhizoma in the Chinese Pharmacopoeia, and on the other side, polyphyllinsⅠ, Ⅱ and Ⅶ should be the eligible quality indicators. The study aims to sound information and evidences for the quality evaluation of Paridis Rhizoma, and also to provide a theoretical basis for the standard revision of Paridis Rhizoma in the future Chinese Pharmacopoeia.

[Comparative study on quality of decoction pieces of Saposhnikovia divaricata with different growth patterns and years and thinking of standard of decoction pieces of S. divaricata in Chinese Pharmacopoeia].

This study aims to compare the internal chemical composition and appearance indifferent growth patterns and years of Saposhnikovia divaricata decoction pieces,which was applied to explore the effect of growth patterns and years on its quality. The appearance characteristic data of 55 batches of different growth patterns and years of S. divaricata were collected using PANTONE color card.High performance liquid chromatography( HPLC) was used to determine the contents of prim-O-glucosyl-cinmifugin,cimifugin,4-O-ß-D-glucosyl-5-O-methylvisamminol and sec-O-glucosylhamaudol. The content of alcohol soluble extract and water-soluble extract were determined by hot-dip method. The content of volatile oil was determined by steam distillation. The correlation between growth patterns and years and the contents of 4 chromones,extracts and volatile oil were analyzed by modern statistical methods. Also,the method of comprehensively evaluating the quality of Chinese herbal pieces was developed by combining the growth patterns and years,appearance and chemical indexes. MTT assay was used to evaluate the effects on the survival rate of RAW264. 7 cells at four different concentrations of chromones and LPS was used to stimulate well-growing RAW264. 7 cells to establish an inflammatory model. The contents of NO and TNF-α in cell supernatant were detected by NO test kit and ELISA method. The contents of alcohol soluble extracts and water-soluble extracts in different growth patterns and years are: wild productsperennial cultivation>annual cultivation; the contents of four chromones are: wild products>perennial cultivation and annual cultivation. There was no significant difference between the sum of the two indexes in the Pharmacopoeia of perennial cultivation and wild products. 4 chromones showed no toxicity to RAW264. 7 cells at 5 mg·L-1. The release of NO and TNF-α was inhibited by 4 chromones and the anti-inflammatory effect of cimifugin was the best. In summary,there are obvious differences in appearance characteristics,internal quality and effects between different growth patterns and years. It showed that the wild products were superior to the perennial cultivation and the perennial cultivation was superior to the annual cultivation. In order to alleviate the shortage of wild S. divaricata resources,it is suggested that the Chinese Pharmacopoeia standard should increase the character of decoction pieces of perennial cultivation,and properly raise the limit requirement of the sum of the two indexes in the Chinese Pharmacopoeia to ensure the clinical demands and effect.

Comparative Studies on Chemical Contents and Effect in Kidney-Yang Deficiency Rats of Salt-Processed Product and Wine-Processed Product of Cuscutae Semen.

Cuscutae Semen mainly includes salt-processed product (SPP) and wine-processed product (WPP), which are most commonly used in traditional Chinese medicine. However, the differences between SPP and WPP have not been reported. In this paper, comparative studies between SPP and WPP on chemical contents and effect in kidney-yang deficiency rats have been investigated. UPLC-MS/MS was used to study the differences in chemical components. Kidney-yang deficiency was induced by hydrocortisone in rats. Rats were orally administrated with different doses of Jinkui Shenqi Pills, SPP, and WPP for 28 days. The average organ coefficients, renal function indexes, sex hormone levels, and testicular morphology were detected. As a result, the contents of flavonoids and chlorogenic acids were higher in SPP than in WPP, which may be caused by different processing methods. The improvement on reproduction of SPP was reflected in organ coefficients, renal function indexes, and biochemical properties of seminal plasma; furthermore, WPP was in sex hormone levels and morphology of testis. As a conclusion, these results indicated that both SPP and WPP can improve the reproductive function of kidney-yang deficiency rats with different mechanisms, which may be due to the differences in chemical contents between WPP and SPP as well as different processing methods. It is the first time that the differences between SPP and WPP have been studied in reproductive function in rats with kidney-yang deficiency.