ABSTRACT
From 50 to 60% of companion animals in the United States are overweight or obese and this obesity rate is rising. As obesity is associated with a number of health problems, an agent that can help weight loss in pets and assist in clinically managing obesity through veterinary prescription foods and medication would be beneficial. Many studies have shown that celastrol, a phytochemical compound found in Celastrus orbiculatus extract (COE), has anti-obesity and anti-inflammatory effects, although these effects have not yet been determined in canine or canine-derived cells. The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of celastrol on the adipogenic differentiation and lipolysis of canine adipocytes. Primary preadipocytes were isolated from the gluteal region of a beagle dog and the primary adipocytes were differentiated into mature adipocytes by adipocyte differentiation media containing isobutylmethylxanthine, dexamethasone, and insulin. In a water-soluble tetrazolium (WST) assay, the cell viability of mature adipocytes was decreased after treatment with COE (0, 0.93, 2.32, and 4.64 nM celastrol) in a concentration-dependent manner, although preadipocytes were not affected. Oil Red O (ORO) staining revealed that COE inhibited the differentiation into mature adipocytes and lipid accumulation in adipocytes. In addition, treatment with COE significantly reduced triglyceride content and increased lipolytic activities by 1.5-fold in canine adipocytes. Overall, it was concluded that COE may enhance anti-obesity activity in canine adipocytes by inhibiting lipid accumulation and increasing lipolytic activity.
De 50 à 60 % des animaux de compagnie aux États-Unis sont en surpoids ou obèses et ce taux d'obésité est en augmentation. Comme l'obésité est associée à un certain nombre de problèmes de santé, un agent qui peut aider à la perte de poids chez les animaux de compagnie et à la gestion clinique de l'obésité au moyen d'aliments et de médicaments sur ordonnance vétérinaire serait bénéfique. De nombreuses études ont montré que le célastrol, un composé phytochimique présent dans l'extrait de Celastrus orbiculatus (COE), a des effets anti-obésité et anti-inflammatoires, bien que ces effets n'aient pas encore été déterminés dans les cellules canines ou dérivées de canins. L'objectif de cette étude était d'étudier les effets du célastrol sur la différenciation adipogène et la lipolyse des adipocytes canins. Des pré-adipocytes primaires ont été isolés de la région fessière d'un chien beagle et les adipocytes primaires ont été différenciés en adipocytes matures par des milieux de différenciation adipocytaires contenant de l'isobutylméthylxanthine, de la dexaméthasone et de l'insuline. Dans un essai au tétrazolium hydrosoluble (WST), la viabilité cellulaire des adipocytes matures a diminué après traitement avec du COE (0, 0,93, 2,32 et 4,64 nM de célastrol) d'une manière dépendante de la concentration, bien que les pré-adipocytes n'aient pas été affectés. La coloration Oil Red O (ORO) a révélé que le COE inhibait la différenciation en adipocytes matures et l'accumulation de lipides dans les adipocytes. De plus, le traitement avec le COE a considérablement réduit la teneur en triglycérides et augmenté les activités lipolytiques de 1,5 fois dans les adipocytes canins. Dans l'ensemble, il a été conclu que le COE peut améliorer l'activité anti-obésité dans les adipocytes canins en inhibant l'accumulation de lipides et en augmentant l'activité lipolytique.(Traduit par Docteur Serge Messier).
Subject(s)
Adipocytes/drug effects , Anti-Obesity Agents/pharmacology , Celastrus/chemistry , Dogs , Plant Extracts/pharmacology , Adipogenesis , Animals , Anti-Obesity Agents/chemistry , Cell Survival/drug effects , Cells, Cultured , Plant Extracts/chemistryABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Increased epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and cell migration and invasion abilities of cancer cells play important roles in the metastatic process of cancer. Resveratrol is a stilbenoid, a type of natural polyphenol found in the skin of grapes, berries, and peanuts. A number of experiments have examined resveratrol's ability to target diverse pathways associated with carcinogenesis and cancer progression. PURPOSE: This article aims to present updated overview of the knowledge that resveratrol and its metabolites or analogs have the potential to inhibit metastasis of cancer via affecting many signaling pathways related with EMT, cancer migration, and invasion in diverse organs of the body. CHAPTERS: This article starts with a short introduction describing diverse beneficial effects of resveratrol including cancer prevention and the aim of the present study. To address the effects of resveratrol on cancer metastasis, mechanisms of EMT, migration, invasion, and their relevance with cancer metastasis, anti-metastatic effects of resveratrol through EMT-related signaling pathways and inhibitory effects of resveratrol on migration and invasion are highlighted. In addition, anti-metastatic potential of resveratrol metabolites and analogs is addressed. CONCLUSION: Resveratrol was demonstrated to turn back the EMT process induced by diverse signaling pathways in several cellular and animal cancer models. In addition, resveratrol can exert chemopreventive efficacies on migration and invasion of cancer cells by inhibiting the related pathways and target molecules. Although these findings display the anti-metastatic potential of resveratrol, more patient-oriented clinical studies demonstrating the marked efficacies of resveratrol in humans are still needed.