ABSTRACT
The immune response is stimulated to protect the body from external antigens and is controlled by several types of immune cells. In the present study, the immunomodulatory effects of Curcuma longa L., purple sweet potato, and mixtures of the two (CPM) were investigated in C57BL/6 mice infected with LP-BM5 murine leukemia virus (MuLV). Mice were divided into seven groups as follows: normal control, infected control (LP-BM5 MuLV infection), positive control (LP-BM5 MuLV infection+dietary supplement of red ginseng 300 mg/kg body weight), the original powder of C. longa L. (C; LP-BM5 MuLV infection+dietary supplement of C 189 mg/kg body weight), the original powder of purple sweet potato (P; LP-BM5 MuLV infection+dietary supplement of P 1811 mg/kg body weight), CPM Low (CPL; LP-BM5 MuLV infection+CPM 2 g/kg body weight), and CPM High (CPH; LP-BM5 MuLV infection+CPM 5 g/kg body weight). Dietary supplementation lasted for 12 weeks. Dietary supplementation of CPM inhibited LP-BM5 MuLV-induced lymphadenopathy and splenomegaly and inhibited reduction of messenger RNA (mRNA) expression of major histocompatibility complex (MHC) I and II. Moreover, CPM reduced the decrease in T- and B cell proliferation, reduced the population of CD4(+)/CD8(+) T cells, and remedied the unbalanced production of T helper-1 (Th1)/T helper-2 (Th2) cytokines in LP-BM5 MuLV-infected mice. In addition, CPM inhibited reduction of phagocytosis in peritoneal macrophages and decreased serum levels of immunoglobulin A (IgA), immunoglobulin E (IgE), and immunoglobulin G (IgG). These results suggest that CPM had a positive effect on immunomodulation in C57BL/6 mice induced by LP-BM5 leukemia retrovirus infection.
Subject(s)
Curcuma/chemistry , Ipomoea batatas/chemistry , Leukemia Virus, Murine/physiology , Murine Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/drug therapy , Murine Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/immunology , Plant Extracts/administration & dosage , Animals , CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes/drug effects , CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes/immunology , Cytokines/genetics , Cytokines/immunology , Disease Models, Animal , HIV Infections/drug therapy , HIV Infections/genetics , HIV Infections/immunology , HIV Infections/virology , HIV-1/physiology , Humans , Macrophages, Peritoneal/drug effects , Macrophages, Peritoneal/immunology , Major Histocompatibility Complex/drug effects , Male , Mice , Mice, Inbred C57BL , Murine Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/genetics , Phagocytosis/drug effects , Th1 Cells/drug effects , Th1 Cells/immunology , Th2 Cells/drug effects , Th2 Cells/immunologyABSTRACT
We investigated the potential effects of Costaria costata (CC) on atopic dermatitis (AD) development in chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene (DNCB)-treated NC/Nga mice. CC is a brown alga distributed across the seas of Korea, China, and Japan. A total of 40 mice were randomly assigned to 5 groups with 8 mice per group: untreated Balb/c mice, AD control (0.1% w/v DNCB-treated NC/Nga mice), positive control (i.e., DNCB-treated NC/Nga mice fed a dietary supplement of 66.6 mg/kg of body weight [b.w.] of CJLP133), DNCB-treated NC/Nga mice fed a dietary supplement of 100 mg/kg b.w. of CCE10 (CCE10 100), and DNCB-treated mice fed a dietary supplement of 300 mg/kg b.w. of CCE10 (CCE10 300) groups. The CCE10 100 and CCE10 300 treatment groups suppressed AD development including clinical and histopathological changes and a reduction in skin hydration induced by DNCB. In addition, Th2 cytokine production in primary splenocytes, serum IgE and histamine production, and mast cell infiltration into the skin were suppressed in the CCE10 300 mice compared to the CCE10 100 mice. Our finding demonstrated an inhibitory effect of CCE10 in AD development by means of improving the Th1/Th2 cytokine balance and anti-inflammatory effect in an in vivo model.
Subject(s)
Anti-Inflammatory Agents/pharmacology , Dermatitis, Atopic/drug therapy , Dermatologic Agents/pharmacology , Phaeophyceae/chemistry , Animals , Anti-Inflammatory Agents/administration & dosage , Anti-Inflammatory Agents/isolation & purification , Cytokines/immunology , Dermatitis, Atopic/immunology , Dermatitis, Atopic/pathology , Dermatologic Agents/administration & dosage , Dermatologic Agents/isolation & purification , Dietary Supplements , Dinitrochlorobenzene/administration & dosage , Disease Models, Animal , Dose-Response Relationship, Drug , Immunoglobulin E/blood , Male , Mast Cells/metabolism , Mice , Mice, Inbred BALB C , Spleen/cytology , Th1 Cells/immunology , Th2 Cells/immunologyABSTRACT
We have provided a protocol for establishing an atopic dermatitis (AD) in vitro model, and evaluated the effects of Costaria costata (CC) extracts on AD in an in vitro model using keratinocytes and splenocytes from AD-induced mice and mast cells. HaCaT cells were each treated with 200 µg/mL of CC water extract (CCW), CC 10% ethanol extract (CCE10%), and CC 70% ethanol extract (CCE70%), immediately followed by stimulation with 20 ng/mL tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, and 20 ng/mL interferon (IFN)-γ for inflammation. The splenocytes from AD-induced mice were each treated with 200 µg/mL of CCW, CCE10%, and CCE70%, followed by stimulation with 5 µg/mL ConA or lipopolysaccharide (LPS), to induce T cell or B-cell activation, and 5 µg/mL LPS and 50 ng/mL interleukin-4, to induce immunoglobulin (Ig) E production. We investigated the effects of CCW, CCE10%, and CCE70% on the production of histamine in PMA, and A23187-stimulated MC/9 cells. We found that treatments with CC extracts decreased the production of proinflammatory cytokines in TNF-α and IFN-γ-stimulated HaCaT cells, and the suppression of the imbalance of Th1/Th2 cytokines and IgE production on primary splenocytes. In addition, CC extracts resulted in a decrease in histamine release in the PMA and A23187-simulated MC/9 cells. According to our present results, we can conclude that CC extracts may be effective for the treatment of other allergy diseases, and AD, via the attenuation of allergic reactions.