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Objective To explore the effect of blended learning in practical training of acupuncture techniques.Methods Sophomores of acupuncture and Tuinaspeciality were divided into two groups based on classes,with 38 students in experimental group and 34 in control group,adopting blended learning and traditional method in teaching acupuncture techniques respectively.Blended learning mainly adopts mixed methods of both online "punch-card" on WeChat community and offline class learning.Post-test score of two groups were compared by independent samples t-test with SPSS 19.0.The teaching effect of blended learning was evaluated in students in experimental group by questionnaire survey.Results The total score of acupuncture techniques (4.73 ± 0.15) in experimental group were significantly higher than that of control group (4.27 ± 0.46) (t=5.588,P<0.01) and students' satisfaction concerning the blended learning in experimental group was up to 88% (22/25).Conclusion Blended learning can promote students' acupuncture skills and cultivate good study habits,making practice in class more targeted.More friendly online learning tools needs to be further developed.
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Filiform needle acupuncture technique is the core content of needling and moxibustion method. The examination and assessment of filiform needle manipulation are the most important measure for testing the effect of filiform needle acupuncture technique teaching. The establishment of a scientific examination and assessment system of filiform needle manipulation should involve comprehensive examination and assessment contents, definite and detailed evaluation rules and quantified scoring criteria to make the examination and assessment system be able to comprehensively and objectively assess the students' skills of filiform needle manipulation to achieve the purpose of improving the quality of filiform needle acupuncture technique teaching.
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Objective To explore the effect of flipped classroom in teaching auricular needling method. Methods Sophomores of acupuncture and Tuina speciality were divided into two groups based on classes, with 33 students in experimental group and 30 in control group. In teaching auricular needling method, experimental group adopted flipped classroom by online resources and classroom activities, while control group adopted traditional classroom such as teaching, watching video, demonstration. Post-test score of two groups were compared by independent samples t-test. The teaching effect of flipped classroom was evaluated by questionnaire survey of students in experimental group. Results The total score of auricular needling (88.4±13.91), score of location (55.40±7.34), and score of application (32.00±10.31) in experi-mental group were significantly higher than those in con-trol group (71.48±15.93, 47.55±12.23 and 23.94± 11.97) (P<0.05). Students' satisfaction concerning the flipped classroom in experimental group was up to 90%. Conclusion Flipped classroom can be used in teaching auricular needling method, which can improve teaching quality and promote improvement of students' self-study and communication skills.
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Objective To explore the effect of direct observation of procedural skills (DOPS) in teaching acupuncture manipulation skills. Methods Sophomores of acupuncture and Tuina spe-ciality were divided into two groups based on their classes, 36 students in experimental group and 31 in control group. In experimental group, DOPS on filiform needling was done twice in the middle and at the end of the semester respectively. In control group, DOPS was done once at the end of semester. The final exam's DOPS score and satisfaction degree of teachers and students concerning the results of the assessment in two groups were compared by independent samples t-test. P<0.05 indicates signifi-cant differences. The teaching effect of DOPS was also evaluated by questionnaire survey of students in experimental group. Results The total score of DOPS (4.26 ±0.24), scores of needle insertion (4.18±0.42), and scores of reinforcing and reducing method (4.03±0.28) in experimental group were higher than those in control group ((4.14±0.25), (4.00±0.29) and (3.87±0.37), P<0.05). The teachers' satisfaction (8.38±0.51) and students' satisfaction (8.47±1.03) concerning the results of the assessment in experimental group were higher than those in control group ((8.05±0.78) and (7.94±1.15), P<0.05). More than 80% of students in experimental group supported the saying of‘DOPS promoting students' skills training and enhancing the ability of handwork ’ . Conclusions DOPS can be used as an effective teaching and examination method and can improve students' skills of acupuncture manipulation.
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<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To observe the dose-effect relationship of electroacupuncture of different current intensities combined with Morphine of different dosage on alleviating the rats' tibial cancer pain, and explore the possible mechanism, which could provide the experiment basis for alleviating the tibial cancer pain by electroacupuncture combined with Morphine.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>One hundred female Wistar rats were randomly divided into a normal group, a model group and eight treatment groups, 10 cases in each group. The rats in the treatment groups were treated by combined therapies of electroacupuncture of different intensities with 2 Hz /100 Hz dense-disperse wave on "Jiaji"(EX-B 2)and different dosage Morphine in 2 factor 3 level conditions, once a day for 6 days. The pain thresholds were observed before the treatment and 0 min, 1 h, 2 h and 5 h after the first treatment as well as after 3 and 6 times of treatments. The glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) expression was determined by immunohistochemical method.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The rats' pain thresholds were significantly increased with electroacupuncture of 2 mA and 1 mA (all P < 0.01) on the 0 min, 1 h and 2 h of the first treatment, between which there were no significant differences (all P > 0.05). The pain threshold was still increased by electroacupuncture of 2 mA on the 5 h of the treatment (P < 0.01), while that of 1 mA failed to take effect (P > 0.05). After 3 and 6 times of treatments, both electroacupuncture of 2 mA and 1 mA had the effect of increasing the pain threshold (all P < 0.01), and the effect of 2 mA was superior to that of 1 mA (P < 0.05), had the synergistic effect with 5 mg/(kg x d) Morphine (P < 0.05). After 6 times of treatments, both electroacupuncture of 2 mA and 1 mA could inhibit the expression of GFAP (both P < 0.01), and there was no significant difference between them (P > 0.05). Both of 5 mg/(kg x d) and 2.5 mg/(kg x d) of Morphine, however, didn't bring about inhibition effect (P > 0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>There is a does-effect relationship on electroacupuncture of different current intensity for alleviating the tibial cancer pain in rats. The electroacupuncture with 2 mA, which is better than that with 1 mA, has the synergistic effect with 5 mg/(kg x d) of Morphine. The electroacupuncture can inhibit the expression of GFAP to cooperate with Morphine for the purpose of alleviating the rats' tibial cancer pain.</p>
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Animals , Female , Humans , Rats , Bone Neoplasms , Genetics , Metabolism , Electroacupuncture , Methods , Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic , Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein , Genetics , Metabolism , Pain , Genetics , Metabolism , Pain Management , Methods , Rats, Wistar , Spine , Metabolism , Tibia , MetabolismABSTRACT
The questionnaire and the result of 2010' Hwato Cup National University Students' Acupuncture Manipulation Skills Competition were analyzed in this paper. It was showed that the competition achieved the significant effects of enhancing acupuncture manipulation skills for the university students and promoting the standardization on teaching acupuncture manipulation skills. The teachers and students were not very satisfied with the current acupuncture manipulation skill education. In the competition, only the item of reciting the classics achieved more than 90 scores, which just displayed the memory ability. The results of the manipulation competition were generally not very high. It is suggested that concerning to teaching acupuncture and moxibustion in the future, the ratio of class time for improving the practice ability on the human body should be increased and the practice on some manipulation techniques such as inserting the needle by holding the needle tip with the pressing hand, reinforcing-reducing technique by twirling and rotating the needle and warming needle technique should be intensified. It is necessary to enhance the interpretation, emphasis and supplementation on the keys and details of some manipulations of acupuncture and moxibustion.
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Female , Humans , Male , Acupuncture , Education , Acupuncture Therapy , Methods , China , Surveys and Questionnaires , UniversitiesABSTRACT
<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To study the effect of acupuncture on skeletal muscle endurance in rats as a pre-games assistant training.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Thirty male SD rats were randomly divided into 3 groups: control, model and acupuncture group. Acupuncture group was treated at "Dazhui" (GV 14), "Housanli" (ST 36) by twisting mild reinforcing-reducing method for 20 min, no interventions were added on control and model group. Muscle strength was detected in three groups under anaesthetic (after model established in model group, after model established and treated in acupuncture group). Averaged change percentage of mean skeletal muscle endurance (P(m)) and averaged maximum percentage of skeletal muscle endurance (P(max)) were evaluated.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>(1) 10P(m) in model group decreased more than acupuncture group statistically (P < 0.05); 20P(m), 30P(m) and 40P(m) in model group decreased significantly compared to those in control group and acupuncture group (P < 0.05, P < 0.01). (2) Changes of 10P(max) in acupuncture group was much less than in model group (P < 0.05); changes of 20P(max), 30P(max), 40P(max) and 50P(max) decreased more in model group than in acupuncture group and control group (P < 0.01, P < 0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>As an assistant training method, acupuncture can postpone descending point of muscle strength endurance to delay sport fatigue.</p>
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Animals , Humans , Male , Rats , Acupuncture Therapy , Kinetics , Models, Animal , Muscle, Skeletal , Chemistry , Physiology , Physical Endurance , Random Allocation , Rats, Sprague-DawleyABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE: To assess the application of analyzing systems and techniques in acupuncture manipulation education that may improve students' acupuncture manipulation skills. METHODS: The teacher's acupuncture manipulation (TAM) was recorded in wave, data and video information by the Analyzing System. Students practised, adjusted and corrected their manipulation skills according to the TAM. After finishing the training sessions, the system's grading function evaluated every student's performance. RESULTS: After training, the stability of the students' acupuncture manipulation skills and their achievement were both significantly improved (P < 0.01, P < 0.001). CONCLUSION: The Analyzing System benefits for imitating and learning the manipulations of specilists and can improve the education quality.
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Acupuncture/education , Computer-Assisted Instruction/methods , Medical Informatics/education , Teaching/methods , Acupuncture/methods , Humans , Medical Informatics/methodsABSTRACT
To probe into the application of fuzzy cluster in analysis of therapeutic effects of electro-acupuncture at different parameters on adjuvant-induced arthritis (AA) in rats.
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OBJECTIVE: To probe into the best parameter of electroacupuncture (EA) for treatment of inflammatory pain in the rat. METHODS: One hundred and twenty Wistar rats were randomly divided into 12 groups, normal control group, model group and 10 EA groups including A1 B1 C1, A1 B1 C2, A1 B2 C1, A1 B2 C2, A2 B1 C1, A2 B1 C2, A2 B2 C1, A2 B2 C2 (A1 : 2 Hz, A2: 100 Hz; B1 : successive wave; B2: intermittent wave; C1: 0.1 mA, C2: 0.2 mA), A3 B3 C1 (4/20 Hz, disperse-dense wave, 0.1 mA) and A3 B3 C2 (4/20 Hz, disperse-dense wave, 0.2 mA). The rats of adjuvant-induced arthritis in all of the EA groups were treated by EA with selected different parameters once every day for 6 days. Pain thresholds and beta-endorphin (beta-EP) content in the local tissue of inflammation were used as indexes to compare analgesic effects of EA of different frequencies, waveforms and currents by orthogonal experiment design and other methods. RESULTS: The optimized parameters of raising the pain threshold was: 100 Hz, 0.1 mA, intermittent wave. EA at 100 Hz was better than 2 Hz for increasing the content of beta-EP in local tissue of inflammation. The analgesic effect of EA at 4/20 Hz, 0.1 mA, disperse-dense wave on the inflammatory pain in the rat was not significant different with that at 100 Hz, 0.1 mA, intermittent wave (P > 0.05). CONCLUSION: The best parameters are 100 Hz, 0.1 mA and intermittent wave for EA treatment of inflammatory pain in the rat.
Subject(s)
Acupuncture Analgesia , Arthritis/therapy , Electroacupuncture , Pain Management , Animals , Arthritis/metabolism , Arthritis/physiopathology , Female , Humans , Pain/metabolism , Pain/physiopathology , Pain Threshold , Random Allocation , Rats , Rats, Wistar , beta-Endorphin/metabolismABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE: To observe the effects of manual acupuncture (MA) and electroacupuncture (EA) on Ca2+ content and Ca2+ -ATPase activity in sarcoplasmic reticulum of skeletal muscle cells in rats of acute swimming exercise (ASE) so as to reveal its underlying mechanism in strengthening motor abilities. METHODS: Sixty male SD rats were randomly divided into control, model, MA and EA groups, with 15 cases in each. Rats in MA group and EA group were treated respectively with MA (120-140 twirlings/min, 30-60 s/time every 3-5 min) and EA (500-800 Hz, 0.20-0.25 mA) stimulation of "Dazhui" (GV 14), "Mingmen" (GV 4), "Huantiao" (GB 30) and "Zusanli" (ST 36) for 20 min before ASE. After ASE (120 min), the rats anesthetized with urethane (1 g/kg) were killed for sampling skeletal muscles (quadriceps muscle of thigh) and for detecting Ca2+ content and Ca2+ -ATPase activity with thymol blue chromatometry and chemical chromatometry respectively. Results In comparison with control group, Ca2+ content and Ca2+ -ATPase activity in sarcoplasmic reticulum of skeletal muscle cells in model group were obviously lower (P < 0.01, 0.05); while compared with model group, both Ca2+ content and Ca2+ -ATPase activity in sarcoplasmic reticulum in MA and EA groups increased significantly (P < 0.01). The activity of Ca2+ -ATPase of MA group was evidently higher than that of control group (P < 0.05). No significant differences were found between MA and EA groups in Ca2+ content and Ca2+ -ATPase activity (P > 0.05). CONCLUSION: Both MA and EA can increase Ca2+ -ATPase activity and Ca2+ content in sarcoplasmic reticulum of skeletal muscle cells in motor fatigue rats, which may contribute to their effects in strengthening motor ability.
Subject(s)
Acupuncture Analgesia , Calcium/metabolism , Electroacupuncture , Muscle, Skeletal/metabolism , Physical Conditioning, Animal/physiology , Sarcoplasmic Reticulum Calcium-Transporting ATPases/metabolism , Swimming/physiology , Animals , Calcium Signaling , Male , Muscle, Skeletal/enzymology , Random Allocation , RatsABSTRACT
<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To observe the therapeutic effect of acupoint electrogymnastics therapy on apoplectic hemiplegia, so as to further popularize this therapy in treatment of apoplectic hemiplegia.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Using three-central, randomized, controlled, multi-blind methods, 153 cases were divided into an electrogymnastics group (n = 77) and an electroacupuncture group (n = 76). They were treated with acupoint electrogymnastics (AE) and traditional electroacupuncture (TEA), respectively. Shousanli (LI 10) and Waiguan (TE 5) on upper limbs and Yanglingquan (GB 34) and Zusanli (ST 36) on the lower limbs were selected in the two groups. A JD-2008 hemiplegia treatment apparatus was used in the AE group. Fugl-Meyer method was used for assessment of motor function and sense function of the four limbs, balance function and joint activity, etc. before and after treatment.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>In the motor function and sense function of four limbs, balance function and joint activity in the two groups had significant improvement after treatment (both P < 0. 001) with no significant difference between the two groups (P > 0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Both acupoint electrogymnastics (AE) and traditional electroacupuncture (TEA) have a similar therapeutic effect on apoplectic hemiplegia, but AE has the advantages of safety, reliability and convenience in operation, so it is suitable for long-term rehabilitation treatment of the patient and for popularization in hospital of basic level.</p>
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Aged , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Acupuncture Points , Electroacupuncture , Methods , Hemiplegia , Therapeutics , Medicine, Chinese Traditional , Stroke , TherapeuticsABSTRACT
<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To understand the standardization of acupuncture manipulation methods at present.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Apply "the acupuncture manipulation information analysis system" to analyze the collective acupuncture manipulation methods of teachers and acupuncture and moxibustion physicians, and to find basic rules of acupuncture manipulation methods.</p><p><b>RESULTS AND CONCLUSION</b>In the 6 basic acupuncture reinforcing and reducing manipulations researched in this study, almost all of the 7 parameters analyzed showed significant differences (P<0.01), indicating that the basic acupuncture manipulation of reinforcing and reducing is lack of uniform manipulation standardization, which may be due to acupuncture manipulation having no objective standard as basis; it also was found that there were more differences among various acupuncture manipulations, but the difference between reinforcing and reducing manipulations was reflected in every manipulator's experimental data, and showed the same characteristics as those recorded in traditional acupuncture and moxibustion literatures, suggesting a that teaching and clinical practice of acupuncture manipulation possibly are at the present situation of good qualification and worse quantification.</p>
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Humans , Acupuncture Therapy , Methods , Reference StandardsABSTRACT
To research the effects of electroacupuncture on different quantitative parameters on analgesia in rats with adjuvant-induced arthritis. Rats of adjuvant-induced arthritis were treated by electroacupuncture with different waveforms. Pain threshold and swelling degree of joint were observed. Electroacupuncture parameters being selected were measured by frequency spectrum analysis. After treatment, the pain thresholds in the electroacupuncture groups with different waveforms were higher than that of the model group (P < 0.05, P < 0.01); the local swelling degree of inflammation of the electroacupuncture groups were higher than that of the model group (P < 0.01), but was lower than that of the control group (P < 0.05, P < 0.01). Frequency, current, voltage and pulse width of successive wave and intermittent wave were similar. Frequency,current, voltage and pulse width of sound electric wave changed continuously. The results were that all the electroacupuncture with different waveforms had the analgesic effect in rats with adjuvant-induced arthritis and the therapeutic effect of the electroacupuncture of sound electric wave was the best. It is reasonable and important that electroacupuncture parameter should be quantified.
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Animals , Female , Rats , Acupuncture Analgesia , Arthritis, Experimental , Therapeutics , Electroacupuncture , Methods , Pain Threshold , Random Allocation , Rats, WistarABSTRACT
The electric characteristics of acupoints have been confirmed by researchers at home and abroad. Because the traditional detection methods are various (mainly are different positions of the reference electrode), and they are influenced by many affective factors, with unstable results and bad repeatability, so the studies of the electric characteristics of acupoints are limited. The acupoint electric characteristic sensing needle is introduced in detail from its design, detection methods and so on, which can detects changes of the acupoint electric characteristics of channels and acupoints in different healthy states real-timely, dynamically and continuously. It not only can avoid those affective factors, and also the detective results are relatively stable and the repeatability is also better.
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Humans , Acupuncture Points , Electroacupuncture , NeedlesABSTRACT
Acupuncture anesthesia (AA) appeared in 1950s. It originates with Chinese TCM researchers and is one of important achievements of modern medicine. AA was developed vigorously and applied widely between 1960s-1970s. Due to the objective and subjective reasons, clinical application and research of AA in recent 20 years have developed very little. The paper reviews the formation and development processes of AA, analyzes the advantages and mechanisms of AA and its problems, then provides the feasible advice for the development of AA.
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Humans , Acupuncture AnalgesiaABSTRACT
Through literature review of acupoint electric characteristic (AEC) detection, some problems in the traditional method of AEC detection were found. The major reasons were lack of distinguishing the relationship between the acupoint and "skin on the acupoint" in the electric characteristics, which can not solve those objective and subjective interferential factors in acupoint detection. Therefore, the traditional acupoint detection method is not stable, and its repeatability is no good. The conception to design the probe of acupoint characteristic detection is put forward, which can give a real time and dynamic detection for the electric characteristics of the acupoint's various anatomic layers. Meanwhile, the circumstance of the body tissue is relatively stable, so the detection method can avoid those interferential factors.
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Humans , Acupuncture Points , MeridiansABSTRACT
One hundred and eighty patients of shoulder periarthritis were treated by combined traction, acupuncture, physiotherapy, Tuina and functional exercise. After 10 treatments, 133 cases were cured, 36 cases got marked effectiveness, 8 cases got effectiveness, 3 cases had no effectiveness and the total effective rate was 98.3%. Combined therapy can relieve adhesion of soft tissues induced by various causes to achieve the purpose of accelerating recovery.
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The needles were inserted in the center of inferior margin and on the left and right sides of patella. Then moxibustion with warming needle and electroacupuncture were used respectively to treat 25 cases of patellar ligament strain. The effective rates were 96.0% and 69.6% respectively.
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To observe the clinical therapeutic effect and safety of local encircled acupuncture plus valaciclovir in treating senile herpes zoster.Methods:Sixty senile patients with herpes zoster were divided into two groups.In acupuncture and medicine group,the patients were treated by encircled acupuncture plus valaciclovir.The needle was inserted about 0.8 cun away from herpes and to form an angle of 15°with the skin around the skin lesion.During treatment,valaciclovir was taken orally 300 mg every time,twice every day for successive 10 days.In westem medicine group,valaciclovir was taken orally 300 mg every time,twice every day for successive 10 days.Results:The time of stopping herpes,relieving pain andscabbing in acupuncture and medicine group was significantly lower than that in western group.Conclusion:Local encircled acupuncture plus valaciclovir in treating senile herpes zoster got effects quickly and could effectively shorten the course of disease and reduce the incidence rateofresidual neuralgia.