ABSTRACT
This study aims to investigate the component variations and spatial distribution of ginsenosides in Panax quinquefolium roots during repeated steaming and drying. Ultra performance liquid chromatography quadrupole time-of-flight tandem mass spectrometry(UPLC-Q-TOF-MS/MS) was employed to identify the ginsenosides in the root extract. Matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry imaging(MALDI-MSI) was employed to visualize the spatial distribution and spatiotemporal changes of prototype ginsenosides and metabolites in P. quinquefolium roots. The UPLC results showed that 90 ginsenosides were identified during the steaming process of the roots, and polar ginsenosides were converted into low polar or non-polar ginsenosides. The content of prototype ginsenosides decreased, while that of rare ginsenosides increased, which included 20(S/R)-ginsenoside Rg_3, 20(S/R)-ginsenoside Rh_2, and ginsenosides Rk_1, Rg_5, Rs_5, and Rs_4. MALDI-MSI results showed that ginsenosides were mainly distributed in the epidermis and phloem. As the steaming times increased, ginsenosides were transported to the xylem and medulla. This study provides fundamental information for revealing the changes of biological activity and pharmacological effect of P. quinquefolium roots that are caused by repeated steaming and drying and gives a reference for expanding the application scope of this herbal medicine.
Subject(s)
Ginsenosides , Panax , Ginsenosides/analysis , Tandem Mass Spectrometry , Spectrometry, Mass, Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption-Ionization/methods , Panax/chemistry , Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid/methods , Plant Roots/chemistryABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE: To explore the effects of total saponins of Rubus parviflolius (TSRP) on brain edema and blood brain barrier in rats. METHOD: The model of local cerebral ischemia was established in rats by reversible inserting a nylon thread into the anterior cerebral artery through the internal carotid artery brain hydrated amount and content change of Evan' s blue (EB) in cortex subjected to 2h middle cererbral artery occlusion (MACO) followed by 6 h, 24 h, 48 h, 72 h reperfusion and effect of TSRP. penetrability of blood brain-barrier (BBB) the index includes brain hydrated amount and penetrability of blood brain-barrier BBB. RESULT: Com- pared with I/R group. Both brain hydrated amount and the EB content decreased significantly in TSRP groups on the 6 h, 24 h, 48 h, 72 h of reperfusion after 2 hour of cerebral ischemia induced by MACO model. CONCLUSION: TSRP could decrease brain hydrated amount and markedly lower permeability of blood-brain barrier subjected to 2 h MACO followed by 24 h reperfusion, and this may be a mechanism of TSRP alleviating brain edema during I/R.
Subject(s)
Blood-Brain Barrier/drug effects , Brain Edema/drug therapy , Reperfusion Injury/complications , Rosaceae/chemistry , Saponins/pharmacology , Animals , Brain Edema/etiology , Brain Edema/pathology , Brain Ischemia/complications , Infarction, Middle Cerebral Artery/complications , Male , Phytotherapy , Plants, Medicinal/chemistry , Random Allocation , Rats , Rats, Sprague-Dawley , Saponins/isolation & purificationABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE: To observe the protective effects of total glycosides Rubus parviflolius (TGRP) on local cerebral ischemic. METHOD: The local cerebral ischemia in rat was made by middle cerebral artery occlusion(MACO). The infraction weight was determined by TTC stain. SOD, MDA, GSH and apoptotis were determined with different method respectively. RESULT: TGRP 20, 10 mg x kg(-1) ig markedly improved the abnormal nervous symptoms, incredsed the SOD, GSH activity and reduced contentes of MDA in brain of MACO rat, TGRP 20 mg x kg(-1) ig significantly decreased the numbers of apoptotic cells in ischemic cortex. CONCLUSION: TGRP has protective effects against cerebral infraction, and its mechanism may be related to anti-apoptotis and free radical.