Clarification of the phosphorus release mechanism for recovering phosphorus from biofilm sludge in alternating aerobic/anaerobic biofilm system.

A novel wastewater treatment plant process was constructed to overcome the challenge of simultaneous nitrate removal and phosphorus (P) recovery. The results revealed that the P and nitrate removal efficiency rose from 39.0 % and 48.4 % to 92.8 % and 93.6 % after 136 days of operation, and the total P content in the biofilm (TPbiofilm) rose from 15.8 mg/g SS to 57.8 mg/g SS. Moreover, the increase of TPbiofilm changed the metabolic mode of denitrifying polyphosphate accumulating organisms (DPAOs), increasing the P concentration of the enriched stream to 172.5 mg/L. Furthermore, the acid/alkaline fermentation led to the rupture of the cell membrane, which released poly-phosphate and ortho-phosphate of cell/EPS in DPAOs and released metal­phosphorus (CaP and MgP). In addition, high-throughput sequencing analysis demonstrated that the relative abundance of DPAOs involved in P storage increased, wherein the abundance of Acinetobacter and Saprospiraceae rose from 8.0 % and 4.1 % to 16.1 % and 14.0 %. What's more, the highest P recovery efficiency (98.3 ± 1.1 %) could be obtained at optimal conditions for struvite precipitation (pH = 7.56 and P: N: Mg = 1.87:3.66:1) through the response surface method (RSM) simulation, and the precipitates test analysis indicated that P recovery from biofilm sludge was potentially operable. This research was of great essentiality for exploring the recovery of P from biofilm sludge.

[Correlation between the Distribution of Chinese Medicine Syndromes and CD4 + T Lymphocyte Count in AIDS Patients in Xinjiang Region].

Objective To observe the correlation between the distribution of Chinese medicine (CM) syndromes and CD4 + T lymphocyte counts of acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) patients in Xin- jiang region. Methods Totally data (four diagnostic information of CM) of 787 HIV+ patients were collected and syndrome typed from 6 places with higher incidence of AIDS (Urumqi region, Aksu region, Turpan region, Yili region, Kashi region, and Bazhou region). CD4 + T lymphocyte counts were detected in AIDS patients with each syndrome. The correlations of CD4 + T lymphocyte counts and distributions of CM syndrome types were ana- lyzed. Results Qi-yin deficiency syndrome (QYDS) and qi deficiency and dampness resistance syndrome (QDDRS) were dominant in AIDS patients in Urumqi region and Aksu region. Gan stagnation qi stasis syn- drome (GSQSS) was more often seen in AIDS patients in Turpan region. QDDRS was more often seen in AIDS patients in Yili Region. Gan-Shen yin deficiency syndrome (GSYDS) was more often seen in AIDS patients in Kashi region. QYDS was more often seen in AIDS patients in Bazhou region. Fei-Shen yin deficiency syndrome (FSYDS) was more often seen in AIDS patients with CD4 T lymphocytes less than 200/µL. FSYDS and qi stag- nation phlegm coagulation syndrome (QSPCS) were more often seen in AIDS patients with CD4+ T lympho- cytes ranging 201 -350/µL. QDDRS and QYDS were more often seen in AIDS patients with CD4 + T lymphocytes ranging 351 -500/µL. Unconsolidated Fei-qi syndrome (UFQS) and Pi-qi deficiency syndrome (PQDS) were more often seen in AIDS patients with CD4+ T lymphocytes more than 501/µL (P <0. 05). Conclusions There existed different T-lymphocyte levels in AIDS patients with various syndrome types of CM in Xinjiang region, with certain correlation. Along with decreased CD4+T lymphocyte counts, AIDS patients' CM syndromes mani- fested a changing process from superficiality to interior syndrome, and from intermingled syndromes of defi- ciency and excess to deficiency syndrome.

[Analysis of tongue figure features in 990 cases of sexually transmitted and intravenous drug use spread HIV infected population in Xinjiang].

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the tongue manifestation features of sexually transmitted and intravenous drug use spread HIV infected population in Xinjiang. METHODS: Recruited were 990 HIV infected subjects in Xinjiang from May 2011 to March 2012, who were assigned to the intravenous drug use spread HIV infected (498 cases) and the sexually transmitted (492 cases). By using tongue figure shoot combined with analyses of experts, tongue manifestations were analyzed and compared between the sexually transmitted and the intravenous drug use spread from four aspects, i.e., the tongue color, the tongue shape, the fur color, and the fur property. RESULTS: Compared with the sexually transmitted population, red tongue, fissured tongue, yellow fur, thick fur, eroded fur, deficiency of fur fluid were more often seen, showing statistical difference (P < 0.05). Compared with the intravenous drug use spread population, pale tongue, white fur, and thin fur were more often seen, showing statistical difference (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: The tongue manifestations of the intravenous drug use spread HIV population reflected inner exuberance of evil toxin and heat impairing qi and yin. Compared with the intravenous drug use spread population, the attack of HIV infection was more hiding in the sexually transmitted population, with milder internal injury. Their Wei-qi was not damaged and no obvious change occurred in the tongue figure.