[Clinical efficacy of adaptive biofeedback training combined with oral administration of compound polyethylene glycol 4000-electrolyte powder in the treatment of children with outlet obstruction constipation: a prospective randomized controlled trial]. / 自适应式生物反馈疗法联合口服复方聚乙二醇4000ç”µè§£è´¨æ•£æ²»ç–—å„¿ç«¥å‡ºå£æ¢—é˜»åž‹ä¾¿ç§˜çš„å‰çž»æ€§éšæœºå¯¹ç §ç ”ç©¶.

OBJECTIVES: To study the clinical efficacy, advantages, and disadvantages of adaptive biofeedback training combined with oral administration of compound polyethylene glycol 4000-electrolyte powder in the treatment of children with outlet obstruction constipation (OOC). METHODS: A total of 168 children with OOC were enrolled in this prospective study. All the subjects were randomly divided into a test group and a control group based on the order of visiting time, 84 in each group. The test group was treated with adaptive biofeedback training combined with oral administration of compound polyethylene glycol 4000-electrolyte powder, and the control group was treated with oral administration of compound polyethylene glycol 4000-electrolyte powder alone. Eleven children in the test group and two children in the control group withdrew from the study since they could not finish the whole treatment course. Finally, 73 children in the test group and 82 children in the control group were included in this analysis. As clinical outcomes, the total score of clinical symptoms and overall response rate were compared between the two groups at weeks 4 and 8 of treatment. RESULTS: There was no significant difference in the total score of clinical symptoms between the two groups at beginning of treatment and at week 4 (P>0.05), while the test group had a significantly lower total score of clinical symptoms than the control group at week 8 (P<0.05). At week 4, there was no significant difference in overall response rate between the two groups (P>0.05), while the test group had a significantly higher overall response rate than the control group at week 8 (P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Adaptive biofeedback training combined with oral administration of compound polyethylene glycol 4000-electrolyte powder is significantly associated with improvement of clinical outcomes in the treatment of children with OOC.

Compound-based Chinese medicine formula: From discovery to compatibility mechanism.

ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE: Chinese medicine formula (CMF) has a long history of clinical use in the treatment of various diseases under the guidance of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) theory. The application of CMF can be divided into three levels, crude extracts, homologous compounds mixture, and specific compounds. However, the modern scientific connotation of the CMF theory has not been clarified. AIM OF THE REVIEW: To critically evaluate the research strategy for the investigation of compound-based CMF (CCMF). MATERIALS AND METHODS: The related information was collected from the scientific databases, including CNKI, Elsevier, ScienceDirect, PubMed, SpringerLink, Web of Science, and Wiley Online. RESULTS: The research design including discovery, screening, optimization, pharmacodynamics models, and target research techniques including the targets for compatibility compounds were evaluated. Essentially it has been evaluated that the in vitro multicellular three-dimensional culture or organoid model has been proposed for the optimization model for compatibility research of CCMF. Based on these, the traditional compatibility theory of CMF, such as Monarch-Minister-Assistant-Guide (Jun-Chen-Zuo-Shi in Chinese), can probably be elucidated by the CCMF research. CONCLUSIONS: CCMF has the clear advantage of providing the exact composition and controllable quality of modern medicines, in addition to having the characteristics of multi-ingredients and multi-targets synergistic effects of TCM. However, CCMF is still associated with challenges which need to be addressed for its future use.

[Therapeutic effect of total triterpenoids of Chaenomeles speciosa combined with omeprazole on gastric ulcer induced by indomethacin in rats].

The aim of this paper was to observe the combination therapy with total triterpenoids of Chaenomeles speciosa and omeprazole on indomethacin-induced gastric ulcer in rats, and explore its possible mechanism. Rats were randomly divided into normal group, model group, omeprazole monotherapy(3.6 mg·kg~(-1)) group, total triterpenoids of C. speciosa monotherapy(100 mg·kg~(-1)) group, total triterpenoids of C. speciosa and omeprazole combination therapy(100 mg·kg~(-1)+3.6 mg·kg~(-1)) group. Except for the normal group, the other groups were given indomethacin(20 mg·kg~(-1)) by oral once a day for 7 consecutive days. Then the treated groups were given corresponding drugs by gavage, once a day for 14 consecutive days. The next day after the last administration, half of the rats in each group were measured the gastric mucosal blood flow, gastric juice volume and serum TNF-α, IL-1ß, IL-6, IL-4 and IL-10. After the remaining rats in each group were underwent pyloric ligation 4 hours after the last administration, the gastric endocrine volume, pH value and total acidity of gastric secretion were measured, then histological analysis was performed, MPO activity, cAMP content and histomorphological analysis were conducted. Real-time PCR was applied to detect the mRNA expressions of gastric tissue TNF-α,IL-1ß, IL-6, IL-4, IL-10, VEGFA, A_(2A)R; the protein expressions of VEGFA, A_(2A)R, PKA, p-PKA, CREB, p-CREB, EGF, EGFR, p-EGFR, MUC6, TFF2 in gastric tissue were detected by Western blot. The results indicated that total triterpenoids of C. speciosa and omeprazole combination therapy might significantly increase gastric mucosal blood flow, gastric mucus volume, reduce gastric endocrine volume, secretion acidity and mucosal damage, decrease the levels of TNF-α,IL-1ß and IL-6, increase the levels of IL-4 and IL-10 in blood and gastric tissue, inhibit the activity of MPO, increase the content of cAMP in gastric tissue, up-regulate the mRNA expressions of VEGFA, A_(2A)R and protein expressions of VEGFA, A_(2A)R, PKA, p-PKA, CREB, p-CREB, EGF, EGFR, p-EGFR, MUC6, TFF2 in gastric tissue, elevate p-PKA/PKA, p-CREB/CREB and p-EFGR/EFGR. Moreover, the combination therapy with total triterpenoids of C. speciosa and omeprazole was more obvious than those of two monotherapies. These aforementioned findings suggested that the combination therapy with total triterpenoids of C. speciosa and omeprazole on indomethacin-induced gastric ulcer have significant therapeutic effect on indomethacin induced gastric ulcer in rats, its mechanism might be related to regulating A_(2A)R/AKT/CREB, A_(2A)R/VEGFA, EGF/EGFR and MUC6/TFF2 signaling pathways, inhibiting pro-inflammatory factors, increasing gastric mucosal blood flow, up-regulating mucosal cell proliferation factors and promoting mucosal protective factors.

Therapeutic effect of Dongbai-Tonglin-Fang, a Chinese herbal formula, on urinary tract infection in rat model.

ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE: Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) has many obvious advantages in the treatment of chronic conditions such as urinary tract infection (UTI). Dongbai-Tonglin-Fang (DBTL), a Chinese herbal formula, has been used for the treatment of UTI for more than 40 years with proven efficacy. However, its mechanism of action is still unknown. AIM OF THE STUDY: The purpose of this study is to evaluate the therapeutic efficacy of DBTL and its mechanism of action in a rat UTI model. MATERIALS AND METHODS: E. coli solution induced UTI rat model was used to evaluate the therapeutic effect of DBTL on UTI. Biochemical indicators related to UTI were measured. The kidney tissue was stained with hematoxylin-eosin (HE) to observe pathological changes whilst the ear swelling, feet swelling, hot plate and body torsion tests were used to estimate the anti-inflammatory and analgesic effects of DBTL. RESULTS: After treatment with different doses of DBTL (1, 2, 4 g/kg), a decrease in weight of the kidney in the UTI rat model was observed. The contents of white blood cell, nitrite, urinary albumin, ketone body, bilirubin and occult blood in the urine were also reduced whilst an increase in the pH of urine was observed. HE staining showed that the pathological changes in the kidney tissue were alleviated. At the same time, ear swelling assay showed that the weight and the degree of swelling of the ear of the mice in DBTL groups were decreased remarkably. DBTL also reduced the degree of feet swelling of the rats caused by the adjuvant. Furthermore, with the DBTL treatment, the latency period of foot licking induced by thermal stimulation was increased while the number of twists was lessened. CONCLUSION: These results show that DBTL has an excellent therapeutic effect on UTI rats accompanying with anti-inflammation and analgesia. The data presented here lays the foundations for further investigations in the treatment of UTI.

Phytochemistry, Pharmacological Activities, Toxicity and Clinical Application of Momordica cochinchinensis.

Momordica cochinchinensis (Lour.) Spreng (M. cochinchinensis) is a deciduous vine that grows in Southeast Asia. It is known as gac in Vietnam and as Red Melon in English. Gac is reputed to be extremely benificial for health and has been widely used as food and folk medicine in Southeast Asia. In China, the seed of M. cochinchinensis (Chinese name: Mu biezi) is used as traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) for the treatment of various diseases. More than 60 chemical constituents have been isolated from M. cochinchinensis. Modern pharmacological studies and clinical practice demonstrate that some chemical constituents of M. cochinchinensis possess wide pharmacological activities, such as anti-tumor, anti-oxidation, anti-inflammatory, etc. This paper reviews the phytochemistry, pharmacological activities, toxicity, and clinical application of M. cochinchinensis, aiming to bring new insights into further research and application of this ancient herb.

[Effect of fresh Gastrodia elata on gut microbiota in mice].

Gastrodia elata B1.,a traditional Chinese medicine,was frequently applied as a cure for headache or migraine. Its effects include suppressing hyperactive liver,calming endogenous wind,dredging collateralsand relieving spasm. There has been a proportion that G. elata should be added to The List of Substances That Are Traditionally Both Food and Chinese Medicinal Materials. The dry G. elata was commonly used in clinic,which have some fundamental study on efficacy and mechanism. However,fresh G. elata,which was added to herbal cuisine very often,lacks corresponding research. The interaction of diet,microbiota and human is a hot issue and lots of scholars are focusing on it. This research sequenced the 16 S rRNA of mouse cecal contents on Mi Seq platform to understand the effect of taking fresh G. elata. As the results showing,multiple probiotics grew after taking fresh G. elata extract,including Ruminiclostridium,Butyricicoccus,and Parvibacter. To contrast,some pathogens or potential pathogens,such as Escherichia/Shigella,Parasutterella,decreased. This manifests that fresh G. elata performs a positive regulation on mouse gut microbiota,especially the low-dose fresh G. elata extraction could restructure the microbiota apparently. Our result reveals that microbiota might be a new target for G. elata extract and provides an important basis for further research on the interaction between gut microbiota and pharmacological activity of G. elata.

ErHuang Formula Improves Renal Fibrosis in Diabetic Nephropathy Rats by Inhibiting CXCL6/JAK/STAT3 Signaling Pathway.

Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is one of the main causes of renal fibrosis and is associated with high morbidity and mortality. Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) therapy has a long history of usage in a clinical setting and its usage is increasing. ErHuang Formula (EHF), a Chinese herbal compound, has been clinically used in treating DN for more than 30 years. However, its mechanism of action is still unknown. This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of EHF on renal fibrosis in a DN rat model and explore its underlying mechanism. The DN rat model was established by high-sugar-fat diet combined with a single intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin (STZ), and EFH extract (4, 2, 1 g/kg d-1) was administered orally for 8 weeks. The biochemical parameters (blood glucose, weight, Scr, BUN, UA, U-Alb and UAE) were analyzed. The pathological changes in renal tissue were observed by histological staining with H&E and Masson. The effect of EHF on the proliferation of NRK-49F cells was examined by CCK-8 assay and the levels of several inflammation and fibrosis related cytokines (IL-6, TNF-α, TGF-ß1, Collagen I/III, MMP2/9) in serum and NRK-49F cell culture supernatants were detected by enzyme-linked immunoassay (ELISA). The mRNA levels of CXCL6, CXCR1, Collagen I/III, MMP2/9 in renal tissue were also measured by quantitative RT-PCR. Furthermore, the protein expression of PCNA, Collagen I/III, MMP2/9, CXCL6, CXCR1, p-STAT3, STAT3 in renal tissue and NRK-49F cells were determined by western blot. EHF improved the abnormal biochemical parameters and ameliorated the abnormal histology and fibrosis of renal tissue in a dose-dependent manner. EHF inhibited NRK-49F proliferation and decreased the expressions of inflammation and fibrosis related factors both in vitro and in vivo. Interestingly, the levels of Collagen I/III, PCNA, MMP2/9 and p-STAT3 were positively correlated with CXCL6. The amelioration of renal fibrosis in DN by EHF is related to CXCL6/JAK/STAT3 signal pathway, which is associated with inflammation and fibrosis of the tissue. These findings may have clinical implications for the treatment of DN.

[A model of specialized outpatient nursing care in assisted reproduction clinics based on wisdom medicine of the integrated healthcare system: Application and results].

OBJECTIVE: To explore the content and mode of extended specialized outpatient nursing care (SONC) in assisted reproduction clinics in the joint efforts of the level-Ⅲ grade-A hospital and lower-level hospitals. METHODS: We enrolled 300 infertility patients for this study, 150 from the hospitals of our Integrated Healthcare System (IHCS) and the other 150 from other local hospitals, the former receiving extended SONC based on wisdom medicine of the IHCS (the experimental group), and the latter conventional SONC (the control group). At the end of the treatment cycle, we compared the frequency of clinic visits, knowledge of relevant requirements (such as the procedure of consultation, timely completion of examinations, timely initiation of the treatment cycle, and correct execution of doctor's advice), and scores on the Medical Coping Modes Questionnaire and quality of life (QOL) between the two groups of patients. RESULTS: Compared with the control group, the experimental group showed a significantly lower frequency of clinic visits (P < 0.05), better knowledge of relevant requirements (P < 0.05), higher confrontation score (P < 0.05), lower resignation score (P < 0.05), and higher QOL score (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: SONC based on wisdom medicine of IHCS in the assisted reproduction clinic is conducive to synchronization of thinking, sharing of knowledge and information, seamless connection between upper- and lower-level hospitals, and hence the provision of homogenous nursing care.

[Effect of total triterpenoids of Chaenomeles speciosa on PPARγ/SIRT1/NF-κBp65 signaling pathway and intestinal mucosal barrier of ulcerative colitis induced by DSS in mice].

To observe the effect of total triterpenoids of Chaenomeles speciosa on PPARγ/SIRT1/NF-κBp65 signaling pathway and intestinal mucosal barrier of ulcerative colitis induced by dextran sulfate sodium (DSS) in mice, C57BL/6 mice were randomly divided into normal group, model group, total triterpenoids of C. speciosa (50, 100 mg·kg⁻¹) groups and sulfasalazine (250 mg·kg⁻¹) group. The ulcerative colitis (UC) model was induced by orally administering 2.5% DSS to the experimental mice, and the corresponding drugs were given to each group 3 days before the administration with 2.5% DSS. The normal group and the model group were given the equal volume of 0.5% carboxymethyl cellulose sodium solution by gavage continuously for 10 days, q.d. The general conditions of the mice were observed on a daily basis, and the disease activity index (DAI) score was recorded. On the 10th day after the treatment, mice were put to death, the contents of TNF-α, IL-1ß, IL-6, IFN-γ, IL-4 and IL-10 in the blood were detected, colon length was measured, colon mucosa damage index (CMDI) score was calculated, and MPO activity detection and histomorphology analysis were conducted. Real-time PCR was applied to detect the mRNA expressions of E-cadherin, occluding,MUC2 and TFF3; the protein expressions of SIRT1, IKKß, p-IKKß, IκBα, p-IκBα and cytosol and nucleus PPARγ, NF-κBp65 in intestinal tissue were detected by western blot. The results indicated that total triterpenoids of C. speciosa (50, 100 mg·kg⁻¹) could significantly improve the general conditions of UC mice, reduce the DAI, CMDI and histopathological scores, increase the colon length, reduce the colonic mucosa ulcers, erosion and inflammatory infiltration, restore the normal intestinal mucosal barrier function, reduce the contents of TNF-α, IL-1ß, IL-6, IFN-γ, increase the contents of IL-4 and IL-10 in the blood, inhibit MPO activity in colon tissue, up-regulate the mRNA expressions of E-cadherin, occludin, MUC2 and TFF3 in colon tissue, down-regulate the protein expressions of cytosol PPARγ, tissue p-IKKß, p-IκBα and nucleus NF-κBp65 in the colon tissue, decrease the p-IKKß/IKKß and p-IκBα/IκBα ratios, up-regulate the protein expressions of nucleus PPARγ, tissue SIRT1 and cytosol NF-κBp65 (P<0.05 or P<0.01, respectively), with a dose-effect relationship between the total triterpenoids of C. speciosa treated groups. These findings suggested that total triterpenoids of C. speciosa had a significantly therapeutic effect on UC mice induced by DSS, its mechanism might be related to the regulation of PPARγ/SIRT1/NF-κBp65 signaling pathway, the inhibition of pro-inflammatory factor formation and the up-regulation of protein expression of protective factors.

Medicinal Plants for the Treatment of Hair Loss and the Suggested Mechanisms.

Hair loss may not be recognized as a life-threatening disorder. However, it has a great harm to a person's self-respect, mental health, and entirety quality of life. Androgenic alopecia (AGA) is the most common type of hair loss, which affects a great number of both men and women. Alopecia can be treated with various hair loss strategies, including hair transplant, cosmetics and medication. Medical treatment shows the outstanding ability in improving hair growth. Plenty of drugs prevents alopecia by inhibiting the secretion of male hormone. But these medicines exhibit some undesirable side effects. Since hair loss requires a long-term treatment and minimizing adverse side effects is extremely urgent in drug development. Accordingly, new agents are obtained from natural products with less adverse effects. Traditional Chinese medicines exhibit unique advantages in hair loss treatment. This review generalizes and analyzes the recent progress of medicinal plants for the treatment of hair loss, suggested mechanisms and outlines a number of trials taken or underway to optimize the treatment.

Chemical Constituents and Pharmacological Activities of Stellera chamaejasme.

BACKGROUND: Stellera chamaejasme is a perennial weed and is found across a wide geographic range. It is found in the Altai of eastern Russia, northern China and Mongolia southwards and reaches as far as the western Himalayas of the Qinghai-Tibet and Yungui Plateaus. The dried roots of S. Chamaejasme are named "Rui- Xiang-Lang-Du" and this herb with toxic properties is widely used in Traditional Chinese Medicine for the treatment of various disorders. It is effective against dispelling phlegm by water and displays toxicity against insect pests. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the chemical composition and the pharmacological properties of S. Chamaejasme thus providing a better insight into its application in the prevention of human disease. METHODS: A comprehensive literature review was undertaken and the main chemical compounds found in S. Chamaejasme were identified on the basis of their chemical formula and structure. These included flavonoids, coumarins, lignans, diterpenoids plus others, and their pharmacological properties were also summarized in detail. RESULTS: The main constituents of S. Chamaejasme included flavonoids, coumarins, lignans, diterpenoids plus other compounds. The pharmacological properties of these compounds displayed a wide spectrum and include anti-tumors, anti-viral, anti-bacterial, anti-convulsive, anti-epileptic, insecticide, anti-inflammation, regulation of immunity etc. The diterpenoids were widely recognized as the constituent responsible for the anti-tumor effect. CONCLUSION: A large number of studies conclude that S. Chamaejasme displays a wide spectrum of pharmacological activity with the anti-tumor activity being significant.

Saikosaponins: a review of pharmacological effects.

Over the past decades, a number of phytochemicals have been reported to possess potent pharmacological effects. Saikosaponins represent a group of oleanane derivatives, usually as glucosides, which are commonly found in medicinal plants Bupleurum spp., which have been used as traditional Chinese medicine for more than 1,000 years in China. Emerging evidence suggests that saikosaponins have many pharmacological effects, including sedation, anticonvulsant, antipyretic, antiviral, immunity, anti-inflammation, antitumor properties, protecting liver and kidney and so on. The present review provides a comprehensive summary and analysis of the pharmacological properties of saikosaponins, supporting the potential uses of saikosaponins as a medicinal agent.

[Pharmacodynamic evaluation and molecular mechanism research of Huanshao capsule on irregular menstruation].

Huanshao capsule is widely used in irregular menstruation and has achieved a good effect. Huanshao capsule can promote gonad development in mice, significantly improve the ovarian index in mice, increase estrogen level and reduce FSH level in rats, inhibit the pain response induced by oxytocin and estrogen, inhibit writhing reaction induced by acetic acid pain in mice. Due to the complexity of traditional Chinese medical formula, the pharmacological mechanism of the treatment on the irregular menstruation of the Huanshao capsule is unclear. In this study, the internet-based computation platform (www.tcmip.cn）was used to explore the molecular mechanism of Huanshao capsule on the menstrual. The aim of this study was to find the molecular mechanism of Huanshao capsule in treating menstrual. In the study of the molecular mechanism of Huanshao capsule in the treatment of menstrual by using the internet-based computation platform, Huanshao capsule maybe treat the menstrual by the pathway of endocrine system, GnRH signal transduction pathway, estrogen signal transduction pathway, oxytocin signaling pathway, thyroid hormone signaling pathway, VEGF signaling pathway, FCεRI signaling pathway and purine metabolism and nucleotide metabolism. The early pharmacological study confirmed Huanshao capsule could increase the serum estradiol level and decrease follicle stimulating hormone level and the traditional Chinese medicine pharmacology coincide with the prediction result of internet-based computation platform which roles as the pathway of GnRH signaling pathway and estrogen signal transduction pathway. Other pathway needs further experimental verification.

[Comparative pharmacodynamics study on Paris forrestii and pharmacopoeial Paridis Rhizoma].

Paris is a raw material of a variety of Chinese medicines, which has become deficient in resource due to market demand substantial growth and wild Paris resources reducing increasingly and the artificial cultivation slow growth. This study compared pharmacological activity in analgesia and anti-inflammatory and hemostasis effects of P. forrestii with pharmacopoeial Paridis Rhizoma to expand its range of Paris medicinal resources and protect wild resources of Paris and meet market demand. The experimental study showed that P. forrestii and P. polyphylla var. yunnanensis and P. polyphylla var. chinensis had analgesic, anti-inflammatory and hemostatic effects. They can significantly reduce the number of writhing and inhibit rat foot swelling induced by carrageenan and mice capillary permeability induced by acetic acid and short the bleeding time and clotting time. Their function is equivalent.

[Pharmacodynamics study on Paris vietnamensis].

Paris is commonly used in traditional Chinese medicine and its resource is in shortage, a variety of related plants are acquired as Paris. This study compared pharmacological activity in anti-inflammatory and hemostatic and blood rheology of P. vietnamensis with pharmacopoeial Paridis Rhizoma to expand its range of Paris medicinal resources and protect wild resources of Paris and meet market demand. The experimental study showed that P. vietnamensis and P. polyphylla var. yunnanensis and P. polyphylla var. chinensis had anti-inflammatory and hemostatic effect and improved blood rheolog. They can significantly inhibit rat foot swelling induced by carrageenan and short the bleeding time and clotting time and reduce the blood viscosity in rats with acute blood stasis model, P. vietnamensis and P. polyphylla var. yunnanensis can inhibit mice capillary permeability induced by acetic acid.

Chinese tuina downregulates the elevated levels of tissue plasminogen activator in sciatic nerve injured Sprague-Dawley rats.

OBJECTIVE: To elucidate the mechanism of Chinese tuina in treating sciatic nerve crush injury, and to detect the levels of tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) and plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1), which is thought to play an important role in nerve regeneration. METHODS: Thirty-two adult male Sprague-Dawley rats were subjected to sciatic nerve crush injury and 16 rats (sham-operated group) went through a sham operation. Control group was given no treatment while tuina group received tuina therapy since day 7 post-surgery. Tuina treatment was performed once a day and lasted for 20 days. The sciatic functional index was examined every 5 days during the treatment session. The rats' gastrocnemius muscles were evaluated for changes in mass and immunohistochemistry techniques were performed to detect the levels of tPA and PAI-1. RESULTS: Tuina therapy improved the motor function of sciatic nerve injured rats (P<0.05), however, it did not increase muscle volume (P<0.05). Tuina downregulated the levels of tPA and PAI-1 (P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS: The present study implies that tuina treatment could accelerate rehabilitation of peripheral nerve injury.

[Myocardial protective effect of Shenfu injection in patients undergoing valve replacement].

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the myocardial protective effect of Shenfu injection in patients undergoing valve replacement. METHODS: Forty patients undergoing valve replacement surgery under cardio-pulmonary bypass (CPB) were randomly divided into two equal groups: group C (control group, given with 4:1 blood containing cardioplegic liquid during the CPB) and group SF (Shenfu injection, receiving the blood containing cardioplegic liquid with 20 ml/L of Shenfu injection additionally). Blood samples were withdrawn from the central vein before operation, 30 minutes after aorta declamping, and 4, 12, and 24 hours after CPB, to test the serum cardiac troponin I (cTnI), creatine phosphokinase (CK), and creatine phosphokinase isoenzyme (CK-MB). RESULTS: The CK, CK-MB, and cTnI level were normal before operation and there were no significant differences in these indexes between the two groups. 30 minutes after aorta declamping, the CK, CK-MB, and cTnI levels were higher than those before operation in both groups (P < 0.05, P < 0. 01), and the higher levels remained to 24 hours after CPB. 24 hours after CPB, the CK level of the group SF was significantly lower than that of the group C (P < 0.05), and 30 minutes after aorta declamping to 24 h after CPB, the CK-MB and cTnI levels were lower in the group SF compared with the group C (all P < 0. 05). CONCLUSION: Shenfu injection decreases the level of CK, CK-MB and cTnI, and reduces the myocardial injury.

[Study on antiinflammatory effect of a compound TCM agent containing ant extractive in animal models].

OBJECTIVE: To study the antiinflammatory effect of a compound TCM (Traditional Chinese Medicine) agent on animal models. The agent contains ant extractive and a blent of three herbal products, herba epimedii, fructus cnidii, and fructus lycii. METHOD: Three animal models to induce experimental inflammation in rats, including carrageenin--induced paw edema, cotton-ball granuloma and adjuvant induced arthritis, were chosen to study the antiinflammatory effect of the TCM agent. RESULT: The TCM agent showed a marked inhibitory effect on edema induced by all three types of inflammation in rats, the inhibitory rate of the TCM agent at the dose of 0.20, 0.40 and 0.80 g.kg-1 in granuloma model bing over 25% at 1 hour post oral administration, and being 23.8%, 22.7%, 39.7% at 6 hour. In addition, the TCM agent also showed a significant preventive as well as therapeutic effect on adjuvant induced arthritis in rats, and improved the pathological changes of the animal joints with the induced arthritis. CONCLUSION: TCM agent has significant antiinflammatory effects on the three above mentioned animal models.