ABSTRACT
INTRODUCTION: Paeoniae radix is one of the most important crude drugs used in Kampo medicines (KMs). A part of its pharmaceutical properties is due to the presence of paeoniflorin (PF) and albiflorin (AF). OBJECTIVE: For the specific and easy identification of PF and AF, an immunostaining technique was developed using anti-PF monoclonal antibody (MAb). METHODOLOGY: PF and AF were treated with a NaIO4 solution and reacted with bovine serum albumin (BSA) preparing PF- and AF-BSA conjugates on the polyethersulphone (PES) membrane. Anti-PF MAb was bound and then antibody labelled with peroxidase directed against anti-PF MAb. Finally, a substrate was added and then PF and AF were detected. RESULTS: Anti-PF MAb recognised not only PF but also AF when 10 µg was present on the PES membrane. As little as 0.5 µg of PF and AF were still detected under immunostaining. Various Paeoniae radix samples and KMs were qualitatively analysed, and total amounts of PF and AF were visually detected by immunostaining technique. This method was applied to investigate the distribution of PF and AF in fresh peony root using immunoblotting by transferred from peony root to the PES membrane. CONCLUSION: The technique permitted the visualisation of PF and AF on PES membrane using immunostaining. The immunostaining technique established would be a powerful tool for probing the sources of PF and AF in plant extracts.
Subject(s)
Benzoates/analysis , Bridged-Ring Compounds/analysis , Glucosides/analysis , Immunoblotting/methods , Animals , Antibodies, Monoclonal/immunology , Benzoates/chemistry , Benzoates/immunology , Bridged-Ring Compounds/chemistry , Bridged-Ring Compounds/immunology , Cattle , Glucosides/chemistry , Glucosides/immunology , Membranes, Artificial , Molecular Structure , Monoterpenes , Paeonia/chemistry , Perchlorates , Plant Extracts/analysis , Plant Extracts/chemistry , Polymers/chemistry , Reproducibility of Results , Serum Albumin, Bovine/chemistry , Sodium Compounds , Staining and Labeling/methods , Sulfones/chemistryABSTRACT
Further investigation on the stems of Artocarpus nitidus subsp. lingnanensis led to the isolation and characterization of a new flavan-3-ol, named artoflavanocoumarin, along with three known compounds (+)-catechin, (+)-afzelechin 3-O-α-L-rhamnoside, and (+)-catechin 3-O-α-L-rhamnoside. Their structures were elucidated on the basis of spectroscopic data.
Subject(s)
Artocarpus/chemistry , Drugs, Chinese Herbal/isolation & purification , Flavonoids/isolation & purification , Drugs, Chinese Herbal/chemistry , Flavonoids/chemistry , Molecular Structure , Nuclear Magnetic Resonance, Biomolecular , Plant Stems/chemistry , StereoisomerismABSTRACT
Two new phytoecdysteroids, (25S)-20,22-O-(R-ethylidene)inokosterone and 20,22-O-(R-3-methoxycarbonyl)propylidene-20-hydroxyecdysone, together with six known phytoecdysteroids 3-8 were isolated from the roots of Achyranthes bidentata Blume. The new structures were established on the basis of spectroscopic studies and chemical evidences. The absolute configuration at C-25 in the structure of known compound 3 was determined by chemical and spectroscopic means.
Subject(s)
Achyranthes/chemistry , Phytosterols/isolation & purification , Plant Extracts/isolation & purification , Plant Roots/chemistry , Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy , Molecular Structure , Phytosterols/chemistry , Plant Extracts/chemistryABSTRACT
The first stilbene possessing a γ-aminobutyric acid lactam function, artocarpene (1), and a new flavanone, 2-hydroxynaringenin 4'-O-ß-d-glucopyranoside (2), were isolated from the stems of Artocarpus nitidus subsp. lingnanensis along with four known compounds, 2-hydroxynaringenin (3), oxyresveratrol (4), 3,4',5-trihydroxy-3'-prenylstilbene (5) and norartocarpetin (6). Their structures were elucidated on the basis of spectroscopic data. Compounds 1 exhibited weak antioxidant activity and 2 displayed weak cytotoxicity against human lung cancer A549 cell line.
Subject(s)
Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic/isolation & purification , Antioxidants/isolation & purification , Artocarpus/chemistry , Flavanones/isolation & purification , Stilbenes/isolation & purification , Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic/chemistry , Antioxidants/chemistry , Cell Line, Tumor , Drug Screening Assays, Antitumor , Flavanones/chemistry , Flavonoids/chemistry , Flavonoids/isolation & purification , Humans , Molecular Structure , Plants, Medicinal/chemistry , Stilbenes/chemistryABSTRACT
Four new sesquiterpene dilactones, mikamicranolide (1), 11 beta,13-dihydromikamicranolide (2), 3 alpha-hydroxy-11 beta,13-dihydrodeoxymikanolide (3), and 2 beta,3 beta-dihydroxy-11 beta,13-dihydrodeoxymikanolide (4), were isolated from the whole plants of Mikania micrantha. Their structures were elucidated on the basis of spectroscopic analysis. Compounds 1 and 2 possess an unusual rearranged 12,8-germacranolide sesquiterpene skeleton.
Subject(s)
Lactones/isolation & purification , Mikania/chemistry , Sesquiterpenes/isolation & purification , China , Lactones/chemistry , Molecular Structure , Nuclear Magnetic Resonance, Biomolecular , Sesquiterpenes/chemistry , StereoisomerismABSTRACT
The stress metabolic activities of Panax ginseng (P. ginseng) cells induced by low-energy ultrasound (US) were examined. P. ginseng cells in suspension cultures were exposed to 38.5 kHz US at two power levels (power density 13.7 and 61 mW/cm(3)) for 2 min. The US treatment caused rapid increase in the intracellular levels of polyphenol oxidase (PPO), peroxidase (PO), and phenylalanine ammonia lyase (PAL) and the production of polyphenols (PP) and phenolic compounds. The US-induced enzyme activities and phenolics production are part of plant stress responses to a mechanical stimulus. The much higher PPO activity and rate of PP production in the sonicated cultures are correlated to enzymatic browning, suggestive of physical damage and membrane permeabilization of the cells by US. The cells after sonication also showed decreased water content and cell volume, which may also be attributed to US-induced cell membrane permeabilization and water release. High-pressure shock and fluid shear stress arising from acoustic cavitation were regarded as the major causes of the responses. Nevertheless, the US exposure caused only temporary cell growth depression but no net loss of biomass yield of the culture.