Identification of in vitro angiotensin-converting enzyme and dipeptidyl peptidase IV inhibitory peptides from draft beer by virtual screening and molecular docking.

BACKGROUND: Hypertension and diabetes are two kinds of senile diseases which often occur simultaneously. The commonly used drugs in clinic may produce certain side effects. Food-derived polypeptide is a kind of polypeptide with great development potential, which has many functions of regulating human physiological function. Beer is rich in nutrition but there are few researches on bioactive peptides in beer. RESULTS: In this study, a rapid virtual screening method was established to obtain bioactive peptides from Tsingtao draft beer. The peptide sequence was analyzed by ultra-performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole-Orbitrap-tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-Q-Orbitrap-MS2 ), and 50 peptides were identified. Eight peptides with potential biological activities were screened by using Peptide Ranker software and previous literature references. On the basis of absorption prediction, toxicity prediction, and molecular docking analysis, LNFDPNR and LPQQQAQFK were finally confirmed. The molecular docking results showed that two peptides could bind angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) and dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPP-IV) tightly by hydrogen bonding and hydrophobic interaction. The in vitro activity evaluation results showed that two peptides had obvious ACE and DPP-IV inhibitory activity. CONCLUSION: This study established a method for rapidly screening bioactive peptides from Tsingtao draft beer, screened two ACE and DPP-IV inhibitory peptides in beer and analyzed their active action mechanism. This article may have great theoretical significance and practical value to further explore the health function of beer. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry.

Identification and characterization of the peptides with calcium-binding capacity from tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) skin gelatin enzymatic hydrolysates.

The aim of this study was to isolate and identify the peptides with calcium-binding capacity from the different tilapia skin gelatin enzymatic hydrolysates. The complex protease was selected and its hydrolysates were further separated using gel filtration chromatography (Sephadex G-25) and reverse phase high-performance liquid chromatography. Two purified peptides with strong calcium-binding capacity were identified as Tyr-Gly-Thr-Gly-Leu (YGTGL, 509.25 Da) and Leu-Val-Phe-Leu (LVFL, 490.32 Da). The calcium-binding capacities of YGTGL and LVFL reached 76.03 and 79.50 µg/mg, respectively. The structures of the complex of purified peptides and calcium (YGTGL-Ca and LVFL-Ca) were characterized by ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy (UV-VIS), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). The results of UV-VIS, SEM, and XRD indicated that YGTGL-Ca and LVFL-Ca were formed as new compounds. The results of FTIR and LC-MS/MS indicated the nitrogen atom of the amino group and the oxygen atom of the carboxyl group in terminates of the peptides provided primary binding sites. Moreover, the hydrophobic amino acids in purified peptides could provide more chelating spaces. This study was of great significance for the development of calcium supplement foods. PRACTICAL APPLICATION: Compared with inorganic calcium and organic calcium, the bioactive gelatin peptide chelated calcium has the characteristics of high utilization rate, high solubility, and high absorption rate. The raw materials are extracted from the tilapia processed waste, which reduce the cost, make full use of resources, and improve the bioavailability. The tilapia skin gelatin peptide calcium chelate can be directly absorbed by the human body, and the absorption efficiency is high, further improving the resource utilization rate and having high economic benefits, which is a comprehensive supplement that can also be used as a functional food.

UPLC-Q-Orbitrap-MS2 analysis of Moringa oleifera leaf extract and its antioxidant, antibacterial and anti-inflammatory activities.

Moringa oleifera leaf acetone extract (MLE) was prepared. Phytochemicals of MLE and their antioxidant, antibacterial, and anti-inflammatory activities were evaluated. Results showed that MLE contained total phenolic content of 20.16 mg gallic acid equivalents/g dry weight. A total of 39 compounds were identified by mass spectrometry. The contents of acetyl-glucomoringin, caffeoylquinic acid, feruloylquinic acid, and coumarylquinic acid were high. MLE had high DPPH· and ABTS•+ scavenging activities and reducing powder. In addition, MLE could effectively inhibit S. aureus and B. subtilis, but little effect on E. coli was found. The anti-inflammatory effect of MLE was evaluated using a lipopolysaccharide (LPS) -induced RAW 264.7 cell model. MLE significantly inhibited nitric oxide (NO) production and inducible NO synthase (iNOS) mRNA levels in LPS-induced RAW 264.7 cells. The inhibitory activity increased in a dose-dependent manner. The bioactivities of MLE were related to its phenolic content and phenolic profiles.[Figure: see text].

Huai qi huang granules for the treatment of children with mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia: a multicenter clinical study / 国际儿科学杂志

Objective To analyze the effects of Hual qi huang granules on children with mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia.Methods A randomized,multicenter parallel controlled clinical trial was carried out.A total of 3 000 cases of hospitalized children with mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia were selected.All of them were given treatment for mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia with macrolide antibiotics and symptomatic treatment.They were randomly divided into 2 groups:research group and control group.The children of research group were give oral Huai qi huang granules for three months.According to the classification of pneumonia,these two groups were divided into:lobar pneumonia research group,lobar pneumonia control group,lobular pneumonia research group,lobular pneumonia control group.The hospitalization duration of fever,length of hospital stay,the absorption area of lung inflammation and pneumonia severity sores were observed.The frequency of upper respiratory infections,bronchitis,pneumonia were observed in 3 months after discharge.Results 2 378 cases were investigated.The hospitalization duration of fever,length of hospital stay of research group were significantly shorter than that of in control group (P ＜ 0.001).The children with lobar pneumonia,2 weeks after treatment,the absorption of consolidation of the lobar pneumonia research group is significantly better than lobar pneumonia control group (P ＜0.001).After two weeks treatment,the pneumonia scores of lobar pneumonia research group is lower than lobar pneumonia control group (P ＜ 0.05).Followup of 3 months after hospital discharge,frequency of upper respiratory infection and bronchitis of research group,were significantly lower than that of control.In addition,appetite increased significantly in research group than control (P ＜ 0.001).There are 21 cases with drug associated adverse reactions (mild diarrhea),including 12 cases of research group,9 cases of control group,and there was no statistical significance (P ＞0.05).Conclusion Standard treatment combined with oral Huai qi huang granules in the treatment of mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia,can significantly shorten hospitalization duration of fever,length of hospital stay and reduce the severity score of pneumonia.Three months oral Huai qi huang granules can significant reduce the frequency of respiratory infections and bronchitis,also can increase patients appetite,and be safe.

Clinical study of combination of acupuncture and medicine combined with auricular points treated with tourette syndrome in children / 国际中医中药杂志

Objective To evaluate the clinical effect of combination of acupuncture and medicine combined with auricular pointsfor the children of MT.Methods A total of 70 children with MT who met the inclusion criteria, were divided into the treatment group and control group according to random number table method (n=35); The treatment group was given acupuncture treatment and prescription ofZishen-Tiaogan and auricular points; and the control group was given Haloperidol tablets. Both groups were treated for 2 months. The severity of the children's convulsing symptoms and the clinical efficacy were assessed by the Yale Global Tie Severityb Scale (YGTSS).Results After 1 course of treatment, the total effective rate of the treatment group was 82.9% (29/35), while the control group was 57.1% (20/35), and the difference was statistically significant (Z=-2.276,P=0.023); after 2 courses of treatment, the total effective rate of the treatment group was 88.6% (31/35) and the control group was71.4% (25/35).The difference was statistically significant (Z=-2.346, P=0.019). After 1 course of treatment, YGTSS score was (14.6 ± 6.9vs. 17.3 ± 7.5,t=4.604), and after 2 course of treatment,YGTSS score was (8.0 ± 5.3vs. 10.3 ± 4.9,t=5.521) in the treatment group wwere significantly lower than the control group (P<0.05).Conclusions Combination of acupuncture and medicine combined with auricular points can alleviate the clinical symptoms of children with MT and improve the clinical effect.

Role of Huoxue Jiangzhi Recipe in preventing and treating fatty liver in mice / 中国病理生理杂志

[ ABSTRACT] AIM:To explore the role of Huoxue Jiangzhi Recipe in preventing and treating fatty liver in mice and its underlying mechanisms.METHODS:Healthy Kunming mice were fed with high-fat diet and treated intragastrically with different doses of Huoxue Jiangzhi Recipe ( compound of ginseng, panax notoginseng and rhizoma gastrodiae, named as GST) for 2 weeks.The levels of blood lipids and triglyceride ( TG) in hepatic tissues were measured.Meanwhile, liver in-dex and hepatic pathology were observed.The optimized dosage of Huoxue Jiangzhi Recipe was determined by the experi-ments.The mice were divided into normal control group ( NC group, fed with normal diet) and model group ( fed with high-fat diet) .The model mice were subdivided into 3 subgroups 12 weeks later:HF group ( fed continuously with high-fat di-et) , ND group ( fed with normal diet) , GSL group ( fed with normal diet and treated intragastrically with GSL) .The mice in NC, HF and ND groups were given distilled water by gastric perfusion.Two weeks later, all mice were killed, and blood was collected for measuring serum total cholesterol (TC),TG,high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C), low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol ( LDL-C) contents, hepatic TC, TG, malondialdehyde ( MDA ) levels and superoxide dismutase ( SOD) activity were detected.Moreover, liver index and hepatic pathology were also observed.The mRNA expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha (PPARα) and cytochrome-P450 2E1 (CYP2E1) in the liver was examined by RT-PCR.RESULTS:GST significantly decreased serum lipid, hepatic lipid and MDA levels and elevated SOD activi- ty.Furthermore, GST markedly reduced liver index, improved hepatic adipose infiltration, increased PPARαmRNA ex-pression and inhibited CYP2E1 mRNA expression.CONCLUSION:GST is effective in the treatment of fatty liver in mice by up-regulating PPARα, thus reducing serum and hepatic TG levels, down-regulating CYP2E1 and inhibiting lipid peroxi-dation.

Protective effects of Siwuheji on cisplatin induced ovarian dysfunction in mice / 中国中药杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To evaluate the protective effects of siwuheji on cisplatin-induced ovarian impairing and explore its possible mechanisms in mice.</p><p><b>METHOD</b>The mice received cisplatin ip (7 mg kg(-1)) for 7 days, while fed with siwuheji for 14 days. The changes of estrous cycle, ovary and uterus coefficient, levels of estrogen in serum and morphology of ovary were recorded.</p><p><b>RESULT</b>From the third day of cisplatin injection, the estrous cycle of the model group stagnated in interphase. On the thirteenth day, part of the mice fed with siquheji started with change of estrous cycle. The ovary coefficient of the model group was less than the control group, the experimental groups were no differences compared with the control group and had significant differences with the model group. The levels of E2 and P of model group were lower than the control group, but no statistical significance. The level of E2 with high-dose Siwuheji group was higher than model group, and the level of P of the low-dose group was higher than model group, but both no statistical significances. The FSH/LH ratio of model group was significantly higher than the control group, low-dose group and medium-dose group of siwuheji resumed to normal levels, and had a significantly change compared with the model group. Ovarian biopsy of model group showed the decrease in the number of developing follicle at all levels, and increase in the number of Atresia of ovarian. There were more growing follicte in the large, medium-dose group.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Cisplatin can induce mice ovarian injury and functional decline, on the other hand, siwuheji can improve cisplatin-induced ovarian dysfunction.</p>

Study on phytoestrogenic-like effects of four kinds of Chinese medicine including Radix Rehmanniae Preparata, Radix Paeoniae Alba, Radix Angelicae Sinensis, Rhizoma Chuanxiong / 中国中药杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To explore the phytoestrogenic-like effects of four kinds of Chinese medicine including Radix rehmanniae preparata, Radix Paeoniae Alba, Radix Angelicae Sinensis, Rhizoma Chuanxiong.</p><p><b>METHOD</b>Sixty immature female SD rats weighting (70 +/- 5) g were randomly divided into six groups: normal control group, positive control group and 4 Chinese medicine groups. The rats in different groups were treated for 4 days. On the fifth day, animals were sacrificed and uteri were separated solely and weighed. The blood was collected, and serum was separated. The effect of the pharmacological serum on proliferation assay with human breast cancer cell line (MCF7) by MTT method. Cell-cycle analyses were carried out with propidium iodide staining by flow cytometer. The expressions of subtypes-estrogen receptor-alpha (ERalpha) were detected by flow cytometry.</p><p><b>RESULT</b>Radix Rehmanniae Preparata, Radix Paeoniae Alba and Radix Angelicae Sinensis could increase the immature rat's uterus wet weight and the ratio of uterus to body weight (P < 0.05). The pharmacological serum of the four kinds of Chinese medicine stimulated proliferation of MCF7 cell respectively compared with normal control group (P < 0.01). The cell cycle was impulsed from G1 to S, DNA synthesizing was inhanced, and PI was also increased. The pharmacological serum of Radix Angelicae Sinensis and Rhizoma Chuanxiong could increase the expressions of (ERalpha) (P < 0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Radix Rehmanniae Preparata, Radix Paeoniae Alba and Radix Angelicae sinensis have phytoestrogenic effects. But the data werent consistent with in vitro and in vivo assay of Rhizoma Chuanxiong.</p>