ABSTRACT
The aim of this study was to investigate the association of menstrual and reproductive factors with risk of lung cancer in women. Potential etiological clues related to lung cancer in women are identified to inform preventive strategies.Case-control study of 477 newly diagnosed women with lung cancer and 479 age-matched (±2 years) controls. Data on menstrual and reproductive factors and history of oral contraceptive use were obtained on personal interviews using a structured questionnaire. Risk factors were analyzed by unconditional logistic regression analysis.Maternal age ≥25 years at first birth appeared to protect against female lung cancer [odds ratios (ORs): 0.511, 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.376-0.693]. Age at menopause > 50 years and use of contraceptives was associated with an increased risk of lung cancer in women (OR: 1.471, 95% CI, 1.021-2.119 and OR: 1.844, 95% CI: 1.111-3.061, respectively). Age ≥13 years at menarche was associated with a decreased risk of lung adenocarcinoma (OR: 0.563, 95% CI, 0.317-0.997). There was significant heterogeneity in the levels of cooking oil fume (COF) exposure (Pheterogeneityâ=â.015). Higher levels of exposure to passive smoking, COF, and lack of tea intake were associated with an increased risk of lung cancer.Menstrual and reproductive factors are considered to play a role in the development of lung cancer in women. Exposure to passive smoking, COF, and lack of tea intake appeared to significantly modify the relationship.
Subject(s)
Dietary Fats, Unsaturated/adverse effects , Lung Neoplasms/etiology , Menstruation , Tea/adverse effects , Tobacco Smoke Pollution/adverse effects , Adolescent , Adult , Aged , Beverages , Case-Control Studies , Child , China/epidemiology , Cooking , Eating , Female , Humans , Logistic Models , Lung Neoplasms/epidemiology , Menarche , Menopause , Middle Aged , Risk Factors , Surveys and Questionnaires , Young AdultABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE: To investigate the postoperative analgesic effects of parecoxib for uvulopalatopharyngoplasty (UPPP). METHODS: Patients with obstructive sleep apnoea syndrome who underwent UPPP were randomly divided into two groups. In group A, the incision-local block was performed with 5 ml of 0.5% ropivacaine injected subcutaneously before the end of surgery, then 20 ml of physiological saline was injected intravenously every 12 h for 2 days. In group B, in addition to the incision-local block, 40 mg parecoxib was injected intravenously 30 min before the end of UPPP and 40 mg parecoxib was injected intravenously every 12 h for 2 days. Postoperative pain was measured using a visual analogue scale (VAS). Adverse reactions were recorded. RESULTS: A total of 40 patients were randomized (n = 20 per group). Under resting conditions, the mean ± SD VAS pain scores were significantly higher in group A compared with group B at 24 h and 48 h after UPPP (24 h 4.0 ± 0.8 versus 2.6 ± 0.6; 48 h 3.8 ± 0.7 versus 2.4 ± 0.5; respectively). Under swallowing conditions, the mean ± SD VAS pain scores were significantly higher in group A compared with group B at 8 h, 24 h and 48 h after UPPP. Postoperative adverse reactions were similar in the two groups. CONCLUSION: Intravenous parecoxib combined with incision-local ropivacaine provided effective postoperative analgesia for patients with obstructive sleep apnoea syndrome, undergoing UPPP.
Subject(s)
Amides , Anesthesia, Local , Anesthetics, Local , Cyclooxygenase 2 Inhibitors , Isoxazoles , Palate, Soft/surgery , Sleep Apnea, Obstructive/surgery , Adult , Drug Administration Schedule , Female , Humans , Injections, Intravenous , Male , Middle Aged , Pain Management/methods , Pain Measurement , Pain, Postoperative/prevention & control , Palate, Soft/physiopathology , Ropivacaine , Sleep Apnea, Obstructive/physiopathologyABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE: To provide scientific cue for the use of Halenia elliptica. METHODS: The crude polysaccharide was extracted from Halenia elliptica with hot water and precipitated by ethanol. The crude polysaccharide has been eliminated protein and fractionated by acidic ethanol. Four fractions HM1, HM2, HM3 and HM4 were got respectively. RESULTS: By using DEAE-Sephadex A-25 gel filtration, HM1 was got. GC analysis indicated that HM1, HM2, HM3, HM4 and HM41 were composed of Rha, Ara, Xyl, Man, Gal and Glc. But their molar ratios were different. CONCLUSION: Polysaccharide HM41 is isolated from Halenia elliptica for the first time.
Subject(s)
Gentianaceae/chemistry , Plants, Medicinal/chemistry , Polysaccharides/chemistry , Polysaccharides/isolation & purification , Chromatography, Gas/methods , Drugs, Chinese Herbal/chemistry , Molecular Weight , Monosaccharides/analysis , X-Ray DiffractionABSTRACT
The crude polysaccharide was extracted from Leave in Hippohae rhamnoides L. with hot water, and precipitated by ethanol. The crude polysaccharide has been fractionated by acidic ethanol. Three fractions (SJ1, SJ2, SJ3) were got respectively. SJ2 deproteinizationed by the combined methods of enzyme and Seveage, purified by DEAE-Sephadex A-25 gel filtration. PC analysis indicated that SJ22 is composed of Xyl,Ara,Glc,Gal,GaL A. The identification of purify by Sepharose CL-4B, paper chromatography and cellulous acetate electrophoresis showed it was homogeneous. Typical absorption of polysaccharides was shown in its IR spectrum. It contained a-glucosidic bonds by IR analysis. It had typical absorption of protein by UV scaning. SJ22 is first isolated from Leave in Hippohae rhamnoides L Scavenging free radical experiment showed that SJ22 was effective in scavenging superoxideradical and hydroxylradical, but only a little effective in scavenging lipid radical.