Analysis of Fever Following Bronchoscopy and Endobronchial Ultrasound-Guided Transbronchial Needle Aspiration.

Objective: Bronchoscopy and endobronchial ultrasound-guided transbronchial needle aspiration (EBUS-TBNA) are two essential methods for obtaining the pathological diagnosis of central lung masses or hilar and mediastinal lymphadenopathy. We can observe that many patients have a fever after examinations, but the pathogenesis is not yet fully clear. We tried to comprehensively assess the occurrence of postoperative fever and bacterial infections in patients undergoing bronchoscopy and endobronchial ultrasound-guided transbronchial needle aspiration (EBUS-TBNA) procedures. Methods: We retrospectively analyzed 512 patients undergoing bronchoscopy or EBUS-TBNA examination. According to examination methods, all patients were classified into three groups: Only perform bronchoscopy examination (BO) group (122 cases)，both perform bronchoscopy and biopsy (BB) group (262 cases), and EBUS-TBNA after bronchoscopy (EBUS) group (128 cases). Peripheral blood leucocyte, neutrophil count, and serum IL-6 test results were obtained before and after the examination. A blood culture was performed when the body temperature was higher than 38.5°C. Results: Among the three groups, the onset time (5.5h), average duration (6h), and peak temperature (37.7°C) of fever in the BO group were lower than those in the BB and EBUS groups. Still, there was no significant difference in onset time (11.66h, 11.83h), average duration (12.86h, 13.56h), and peak temperature (39.1°C, 39.1°C) between the BB group and EBUS group. There was no significant difference in the peripheral blood leukocyte count, neutrophil count or IL-6 level before the operation (P > .05). Compared with the preoperative, the leukocyte count, neutrophil count and IL-6 level in the three groups were increased after the operation (P < .05). Positive blood cultures were diagnosed as normal oropharyngeal flora. Conclusions: Postoperative fever after bronchoscopy is a relatively common complication, most of which do not require special treatment. Individuals with concomitant diseases such as diabetes may have postoperative infections after EBUS-TBNA, and they should be emphatically observed. The findings could potentially extend to similar diagnostic procedures or situations in pulmonary medicine. Understanding the risk factors associated with postoperative fever can help healthcare providers manage patient expectations and monitor certain groups more closely.

[The Flavonoids of Chemical Constituents of Osmanthus fragrans Roots].

Objective: To investigate the constituents of the roots in Osmanthus fragrans. Methods: The Osmanthus fragrans roots alcohol extract solution were separated and purified by silica gel,Sephadex LH-20 and other materials, the structures were identified by physicochemical properties and spectral analysis. Results: Thirteen flavonoids were isolated from the roots of Osmanthus fragrans,which identified as glabrol ( 1), dihydroquercetin( 2),2'-hydroxy-5,7,8-trimethoxyflavone( 3),lupinifolin( 4), phloretin( 5), apigenin ( 6), calycosine( 7), quercetin( 8),3',4',5,7-tetrahydroxy flavanone( 9),5-hydroxy-7,8,2',6'-tetramethoxyflavone( 10),isoliquiritigenin( 11),tonkinensisol( 12),kaempferol ( 13). Conclusion: Compounds 1 ~ 5,7,9 ~ 12 are isolated from the Osmanthus fragrans for the first time.

[Chemical constituents of Osmanthus fragrans].

By Silica gel, Sephadex LH-20 and other materials for isolation and purification and by physicochemical methods and spectral analysis for structural identification, 32 compounds were isolated and identified from ethyl acetate portion of alcohol extract of the Osmanthus fragrans. Their structures were identified as boschniakinic acid (1), ursolaldehyde (2), augustic acid (3), arjunolic acid (4), 5-hydroxymethyl-2-furancarboxaldehyde (5), isoscutellarein (6), 6, 7-dihydroxycoumarin (7), 2α-hydroxy-oleanolic acid (8), quercetin-3-0-ß-D-glu-copyranoside (9), D-allito (10), 5, 4'-dihydroxy-7- methoxyflavone-3-0-ß-D-glucopyranoside (11), 5,7-dihydroxychromone (12), lupeol (13), naringenin (14), acetyloleanolic acid (15), chlorogenic acid (16), kaempferol-3-0-ß- D-glucopyranoside (17), oleanolic acid (18), kaempferol-3-0-ß-D-galactopyanoside (19), 3', 7-dihydroxy-4'-methoxyisoflavon (20), ergosta-4,6,8 (14), 22-tetraen-3-one (21), p-hydroxycinnamic acid (22), syringaresinol (23), 3,4-dihydroxyacetophenonel (24), ß-sitosterol (25), ethyl p-hydroxyphenylacetate (26), benzoic acid (27), caffeic acid (28), coelonin (29), p-hydorxy-phenylacetic acid (30), p-hydroxyacetophenone (31), and methyl-p-hydroxphenylacetate (32). Except for compounds 2, 4, 5, 8-11, 13, 15, 18, 20, 25, and 27, the rest were isolated from the Osmanthus fragrans for the first time.

[Chemical Constituents of Citrus medica Fruit].

OBJECTIVE: To study the chemical constituents of Citrus medica fruit. METHODS: The fruit of Citrus medica was extracted with 95% EtOH, and the compounds were separated and purified by silica gel, RP-18 and Sephadex LH-20 column chromatography. The structures were identified by spectroscopic analysis. RESULTS: A total of 16 compounds were isolated and identified, including methyl ferulic acid (1), dihydro-N-caffeoyltyramine (2) acacetin (3), ß-ecdysterone (4), (-)-balanophonin (5), p-methoxy cinnamic acid (6), umbelliferone (7), ferulic acid (8), pyrocatechualdehyde (9), diosmetin (10), 4-methoxy salicylic acid (1), ß-amyrin acetate (12), epigallocatechin (13), betulinic acid (14), lupeol (15) and nicotinamide (16). CONCLUSION: All the compounds are isolated from the fruit of Citrus medica for the first time.

[Chemical Constituents of Paris polyphylla var. chinensis Aerial Parts].

OBJECTIVE: To study the chemical constituents of aerial parts of Paris polyphylla var. chinensis . METHODS: Aerial parts of Paris polyphylla var. chinensis was extracted with 95% EtOH, and separated and purified by silica gel, RP 18 and Sephadex LH-20 col- umn chromatography. The structures were identified by spectroscopic analysis. RESULTS: A total of ten compounds were isolated and iden- tified as ß-sitosterol (1) ergosta-7, 22-dien-3-one (2), ß-ecdysone (3), kaempferol (4), daucosterol (5) luteolin (6) calonysterone (7), luteolin-7-O-glucoside (8), quercetin (9), and 3ß, 5α, 9α-trihydroxyergosta-7, 22-dien-6-one (10). CONCLUSION: Compounds 2,6 and 10 are isolated from Paris polyphylla var. chinensis for the first time.

[Chemical constituents of Osmanthus fragrans fruits].

By Silica gel, Sephadex LH-20 and other materials for isolation and purification and by physicochemical methods and spectral analysis for structural identification, 23 compounds were isolated and identified from ethyl acetate portion of alcohol extract solution of Osmanthus fragrans fruits. Their structures were identified as nicotinamide (1), D-allitol (2), 5-hydroxymethyl-2-furancarboxaldehyde (3), acetyloleanolic acid (4), benzoic acid (5), ergosta-7,22-dien-3-one (6), beta-sitosterol (7), borreriagenin (8), cerevistero (9), c-veratroylglycol (10), methyl-2-O-beta-glucopyranosylbenzoate (11), 3', 7-dihydroxy-4'-methoxyisoflavon (12), umbelliferone (13), caffeic acid methyl ester (14), oleanolic acid (15), (-) -chicanine (16), dillapiol (17), 3beta,5alpha, 9alpha-trihydroxyergosta-7-22-dien-6-one (18), 2alpha-hydroxy-oleanolic acid (19), betulinic acid (20), betulin (21), 3, 3'-bisdemethylpinoresinol (22), and lupeol (23). All compounds were isolated from the osmanthus fruit for the first time. Except for compounds 4, 7, 15, 19, 23, the rest ones were isolated from the this plant for the first time.

The use of stable-isotopically labeled oleic acid to interrogate lipid assembly in vivo: assessing pharmacological effects in preclinical species.

The use of stable isotopically labeled substrates and analysis by mass spectrometry have provided substantial insight into rates of synthesis, disposition, and utilization of lipids in vivo. The information to be gained from such studies is of particular benefit to therapeutic research where the underlying causes of disease may be related to the production and utilization of lipids. When studying biology through the use of isotope tracers, care must be exercised in interpreting the data to ensure that any response observed can truly be interpreted as biological and not as an artifact of the experimental design or a dilutional effect on the isotope. We studied the effects of dosing route and tracer concentration on the mass isotopomer distribution profile as well as the action of selective inhibitors of microsomal tri-glyceride transfer protein (MTP) in mice and diacylglycerol acyltransferase 1 (DGAT1) in nonhuman primates, using a stable-isotopically labeled approach. Subjects were treated with inhibitor and subsequently given a dose of uniformly ¹³C-labeled oleic acid. Samples were analyzed using a rapid LC-MS technique, allowing the effects of the intervention on the assembly and disposition of triglycerides, cholesteryl esters, and phospholipids to be determined in a single 3 min run from just 10 µl of plasma.