ABSTRACT
The carcinogenic, teratogenic, and mutagenic effects of hexavalent chromium (Cr[VI]) on living organisms through the food chain raise the immediate need to assess the potential toxicological impacts of Cr(VI) on human health. Therefore, the concentration-dependent responses of 12 Cr(VI)-responsive genes selected from a high-throughput Lycopersicon esculentum complementary DNA microarray were examined at different Cr concentrations. The results indicated that most of the genes were differentially expressed from 0.1 mg Cr/kg soil, whereas the lowest-observable-adverse-effect concentrations of Cr(VI) were 1.6 mg Cr/kg soil, 6.4 mg Cr/kg soil, 3.2 mg Cr/kg soil, and 0.4 mg Cr/kg soil for seed germination, root elongation, root biomass, and root morphology, respectively, implying that the transcriptional method was more sensitive than the traditional method in detecting Cr(VI) toxicity. Dose-dependent responses were observed for the relative expression of expansin (p = 0.778), probable chalcone-flavonone isomerase 3 (p = -0.496), and 12S seed storage protein CRD (p = -0.614); therefore, the authors propose the 3 genes as putative biomarkers in Cr(VI)-contaminated soil. Environ Toxicol Chem 2016;35:1751-1758. © 2015 SETAC.
Subject(s)
Chromium/toxicity , Plant Development/drug effects , Soil Pollutants/toxicity , Solanum lycopersicum/drug effects , Transcription, Genetic/drug effects , Agriculture , Biomarkers/metabolism , Biomass , Chromium/metabolism , Dose-Response Relationship, Drug , Germination/drug effects , Germination/genetics , Humans , Solanum lycopersicum/genetics , Solanum lycopersicum/metabolism , Solanum lycopersicum/ultrastructure , Plant Development/genetics , Plant Roots/drug effects , Plant Roots/genetics , Plant Roots/metabolism , Plant Roots/ultrastructure , Seeds/drug effects , Seeds/genetics , Seeds/metabolism , Soil/chemistry , Soil Pollutants/metabolismABSTRACT
Aristolochic acid nephropathy (AAN), a progressive renal interstitial fibrosis frequently resulting in end stage renal disease, still remains a common chronic interstitial nephropathy in China. Therefore, great attention should be paid to AAN. This review summarized recent research progress of AAN in terms of in vivo aristolochic acid metabolism, epithelial mesenchymal transition, proteomics, immunity-inflammation, and autophagy, which will help to further understand the pathogenesis of AAN, and to search effective intervention targets.