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1.
World J Gastroenterol ; 18(48): 7333-40, 2012 Dec 28.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-23326142

ABSTRACT

AIM: To investigate the incidence of gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) and its related risk factors in Uygur and Han Chinese adult in Urumqi, China. METHODS: A population-based cross-sectional survey was undertaken in a total of 972 Uygur (684 male and 288 female) aged from 24 to 61 and 1023 Han Chinese (752 male and 271 female) aged from 23 to 63 years. All participants were recruited from the residents who visited hospital for health examination from November 2011 to May 2012. Each participant signed an informed consent and completed a GERD questionnaire (Gerd Q) and a lifestyle-food frequency questionnaire survey. Participants whose Gerd Q score was ≥ 8 and met one of the following requirements would be enrolled into this research: (1) being diagnosed with erosive esophagitis (EE) or Barrett's esophagus (BE) by endoscopy; (2) negative manifestation under endoscopy (non-erosive reflux disease, NERD) with abnormal acid reflux revealed by 24-h esophageal pH monitoring; and (3) suffering from typical heartburn and regurgitation with positive result of proton pump inhibitor test. RESULTS: According to Gerd Q scoring criteria, 340 cases of Uygur and 286 cases of Han Chinese were defined as GERD. GERD incidence in Uygur was significantly higher than in Han Chinese (35% vs 28%, χ(2) = 11.09, P < 0.005), Gerd Q score in Uygur was higher than in Han Chinese (7.85 ± 3.1 vs 7.15 ± 2.9, P < 0.005), and Gerd Q total score in Uygur male was higher than in female (8.15 ± 2.8 vs 6.85 ± 2.5, P < 0.005). According to normalized methods, 304 (31%) cases of Uygur were diagnosed with GERD, including 89 cases of EE, 185 cases of NERD and 30 cases of BE; 256 (25%) cases of Han Chinese were diagnosed with GERD, including 90 cases of EE, 140 cases of NERD and 26 cases of BE. GERD incidence in Uygur was significantly higher than in Han Chinese (31% vs 25%, χ(2) = 9.34, P < 0.005) while the incidences were higher in males of both groups than in females (26% vs 5% in Uygur, χ(2) = 35.95, P < 0.005, and 19.8% vs 5.2% in Han, χ(2) = 5.48, P < 0.025). GERD incidence in Uygur male was higher than in Han Chinese male (26% vs 19.8%, χ(2) = 16.51, P < 0.005), and incidence of NERD in Uygur was higher than in Han Chinese (χ(2) = 10.06, P < 0.005). Occupation (r = 0.623), gender (r = 0.839), smoking (r = 0.322), strong tea (r = 0.658), alcohol drinking (r = 0.696), meat-based diet (mainly meat) (r = 0.676) and body mass index (BMI) (r = 0.567) were linearly correlated with GERD in Uygur (r = 0.833, P = 0.000); while gender (r = 0.957), age (r = 0.016), occupation (r = 0.482), strong tea (r = 1.124), alcohol drinking (r = 0.558), meat diet (r = 0.591) and BMI (r = 0.246) were linearly correlated with GERD in Han Chinese (r = 0.786, P = 0.01). There was no significant difference between Gerd Q scoring and three normalized methods for the diagnosis of GERD. CONCLUSION: GERD is highly prevalent in adult in Urumqi, especially in Uygur. Male, civil servant, smoking, strong tea, alcohol drinking, meat diet and BMI are risk factors correlated to GERD.


Subject(s)
Gastroesophageal Reflux/diagnosis , Gastroesophageal Reflux/ethnology , Gastroesophageal Reflux/epidemiology , Adult , Aged , Alcohol Drinking , Body Mass Index , China/epidemiology , Cross-Sectional Studies , Diet , Esophagus/pathology , Ethnicity , Female , Humans , Hydrogen-Ion Concentration , Incidence , Male , Middle Aged , Risk Factors , Smoking , Surveys and Questionnaires , Tea
2.
World J Gastroenterol ; 12(24): 3924-8, 2006 Jun 28.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-16804984

ABSTRACT

AIM: To study the effects of extract from Ginkgo biloba (EGb) containing 22% flavonoid and 5% terpenoid on chronic liver injury and liver fibrosis of rats induced by carbon tetrachloride (CCl(4)). METHODS: All rats were randomly divided into control group, CCl(4)-treated group, colchicine-treated group and EGb-protected group. Chronic liver injury was induced in experimental groups by subcutaneous injection of CCl(4) and fed with chows premixed with 79.5% corn powder, 20% lard and 0.5% cholesterol (v/v). EGb-protected group was treated with EGb (0.5 g/kg body weight per day) for 7 wk. At the end of wk 8, all the rats were killed. Liver function, liver fibrosis, oxidative stress and expression of transforming growth factor beta1 (TGF-beta1), a-smooth muscle actin (alpha-SMA) and type I collagens in liver were determined. In addition, pathology changes of liver tissue were observed under light microscope. RESULTS: The levels of alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and albumin (Alb) in EGb-protected group were notably improved as compared with the CCl(4)-treated group (P < 0.01). The contents of serum hyaluronic acid (HA), type III procollagen (PCIII), type IV collagen (CIV) and the expression of hepatic tissue TGF-beta1, alpha-SMA and type I collagen in EGb-protected group were significantly lower than those in CCl(4)-treated groups (P < 0.05, P < 0.01). The degrees of liver fibrosis in EGb-protected groups were lower than those in CCl(4)-treated groups (6.58 +/- 1.25 vs 9.52 +/- 2.06, P < 0.05). Compared to the CCl(4)-treated group, the levels of plasma glutathoine peroxidase (Se-GSH-Px), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and malondialdehyde (MDA) were strikingly improved also in EGb-protected group (P < 0.05, P < 0.01). CONCLUSION: EGb resists oxidative stress and thereby reduces chronic liver injury and liver fibrosis in rats with liver injury induced by CCl(4).


Subject(s)
Carbon Tetrachloride/adverse effects , Ginkgo biloba , Liver Cirrhosis/chemically induced , Liver Cirrhosis/drug therapy , Actins/analysis , Alanine Transaminase/blood , Animals , Aspartate Aminotransferases/blood , Collagen Type I/analysis , Collagen Type III/blood , Collagen Type IV/blood , Ginkgo biloba/chemistry , Glutathione Peroxidase/blood , Hyaluronic Acid/blood , Immunohistochemistry , Liver/chemistry , Liver/drug effects , Liver/pathology , Liver Cirrhosis/blood , Liver Cirrhosis/pathology , Male , Plant Extracts/analysis , Plant Extracts/therapeutic use , Random Allocation , Rats , Rats, Sprague-Dawley , Superoxide Dismutase/blood , Transforming Growth Factor beta/analysis , Transforming Growth Factor beta1
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