O estreito acesso das Pessoas com Deficiência aos serviços de saúde em uma capital nordestina / The limited access of People with Disabilities to health services in a northeastern capital

Resumo Analisou-se, a partir das dimensões disponibilidade-acomodação e adequação, o acesso das Pessoas com Deficiência (PcD) aos serviços de atenção especializada. Trata-se de estudo de caso de abordagem qualitativa com triangulação de fontes a partir de pesquisa documental, dados dos Sistemas de Informações em Saúde e entrevistas semiestruturadas com gestores, profissionais de saúde e PcD. Observou-se a ampliação de serviços de reabilitação no Recife, embora não tenha sido possível analisar a capacidade de produção de tais serviços. Os achados apontam para a existência de barreiras arquitetônicas e urbanísticas e insuficiência de recursos nos serviços estudados. Ademais, há um longo tempo de espera para atenção especializada e um difícil acesso às tecnologias assistivas. Pôde-se observar ainda que os profissionais têm baixa qualificação para atender às necessidades das PcD e não se tem instituído um processo de educação permanente para os trabalhadores dos diversos níveis de complexidade. Conclui-se que a instituição da Politica Municipal de Atenção Integral à Saúde da PcD não foi suficiente para garantir o acesso aos serviços de saúde com continuidade do cuidado, considerando a permanência da fragmentação da rede de atenção, ferindo, assim, o direito à saúde deste segmento.

Abstract The access of People with Disabilities (PwD) to specialized care services was analyzed on the basis of the availability-accommodation and adequacy dimensions. This is a case study with a qualitative approach and triangulation of sources based on documentary research, data from the Health Information Systems and semi-structured interviews with managers, health professionals and PwD. There was an expansion of rehabilitation services in Recife, although it was not possible to analyze the production capacity of such services. The findings point to the existence of architectural and urban barriers and insufficient resources in the services studied. Furthermore, there is a long waiting time for specialized care and difficult access to assistive technologies. It was also observed that professionals have low qualifications to meet the needs of PwD and a process of permanent education in different levels of complexity has not been instituted for workers. The conclusion drawn is that the institution of the Municipal Policy of Comprehensive Health Care for the PwD was insufficient to guarantee access to health services with continuity of care, considering the permanence of the fragmentation of the care network, thus violating the right to health of this segment.

"O escuro das cores, na pele afrodescendente, herdeira das dores": dimensões do racismo no contexto de assistência ao parto / "The dark of colors, in the afro-descendant skin, heir of pain": dimensions of racism in the context of childbirth care

Resumo Partindo de uma pesquisa mais ampla sobre as vivências de mulheres negras na assistência ao período gestacional e parto, este artigo aborda alguns aspectos do racismo na rotina de atenção à mulher negra durante este ciclo. Trata-se de uma pesquisa empírica de abordagem qualitativa com mulheres e mães que se autodeclaram negras e antirracistas. Nas narrativas, os pontos apresentados envolviam, na sua maioria, estereótipos associados ao corpo negro construídos sob um imaginário social racista. Nas relações interpessoais, discursos permeados por estereótipos racistas desumanizam a mulher negra, gerando barreiras na sua saúde reprodutiva.

Abstract Starting from a broader research on the experiences of black women in assisting the gestational period and childbirth, this article addresses some aspects of racism in the routine of care for black women during this cycle. This is an empirical research with a qualitative approach with women and mothers who declare themselves black and anti-racist. In the narratives, the points presented involved, for the most part, stereotypes associated with the black body constructed under a racist social imaginary. In interpersonal relationships, speeches permeated by racist stereotypes dehumanize black women, creating barriers in their reproductive health.

Evaluation of maternal and neonatal hospital care: quality index of completeness.

OBJECTIVE: Develop an index to evaluate the maternal and neonatal hospital care of the Brazilian Unified Health System. METHODS: This descriptive cross-sectional study of national scope was based on the structure-process-outcome framework proposed by Donabedian and on comprehensive health care. Data from the Hospital Information System and the National Registry of Health Establishments were used. The maternal and neonatal network of Brazilian Unified Health System consisted of 3,400 hospitals that performed at least 12 deliveries in 2009 or whose number of deliveries represented 10.0% or more of the total admissions in 2009. Relevance and reliability were defined as criteria for the selection of variables. Simple and composite indicators and the index of completeness were constructed and evaluated, and the distribution of maternal and neonatal hospital care was assessed in different regions of the country. RESULTS: A total of 40 variables were selected, from which 27 single indicators, five composite indicators, and the index of completeness of care were built. Composite indicators were constructed by grouping simple indicators and included the following variables: hospital size, level of complexity, delivery care practice, recommended hospital practice, and epidemiological practice. The index of completeness of care grouped the five variables and classified them in ascending order, thereby yielding five levels of completeness of maternal and neonatal hospital care: very low, low, intermediate, high, and very high. The hospital network was predominantly of small size and low complexity, with inadequate child delivery care and poor development of recommended and epidemiological practices. The index showed that more than 80.0% hospitals had a low index of completeness of care and that most qualified heath care services were concentrated in the more developed regions of the country. CONCLUSIONS: The index of completeness proved to be of great value for monitoring the maternal and neonatal hospital care of Brazilian Unified Health System and indicated that the quality of health care was unsatisfactory. However, its application does not replace specific evaluations.

Evaluation of maternal and neonatal hospital care: quality index of completeness / Avaliação da assistência hospitalar materna e neonatal: índice de completude da qualidade

OBJECTIVE Develop an index to evaluate the maternal and neonatal hospital care of the Brazilian Unified Health System. METHODS This descriptive cross-sectional study of national scope was based on the structure-process-outcome framework proposed by Donabedian and on comprehensive health care. Data from the Hospital Information System and the National Registry of Health Establishments were used. The maternal and neonatal network of Brazilian Unified Health System consisted of 3,400 hospitals that performed at least 12 deliveries in 2009 or whose number of deliveries represented 10.0% or more of the total admissions in 2009. Relevance and reliability were defined as criteria for the selection of variables. Simple and composite indicators and the index of completeness were constructed and evaluated, and the distribution of maternal and neonatal hospital care was assessed in different regions of the country. RESULTS A total of 40 variables were selected, from which 27 single indicators, five composite indicators, and the index of completeness of care were built. Composite indicators were constructed by grouping simple indicators and included the following variables: hospital size, level of complexity, delivery care practice, recommended hospital practice, and epidemiological practice. The index of completeness of care grouped the five variables and classified them in ascending order, thereby yielding five levels of completeness of maternal and neonatal hospital care: very low, low, intermediate, high, and very high. The hospital network was predominantly of small size and low complexity, with inadequate child delivery care and poor development of recommended and epidemiological practices. The index showed that more than 80.0% hospitals had a low index of completeness of care and that most qualified heath care services were concentrated in the more developed regions of the country. CONCLUSIONS The index of completeness proved to ...

OBJETIVO Desenvolver índice para avaliar a assistência hospitalar materna e neonatal do Sistema Único de Saúde. MÉTODOS Estudo descritivo de corte transversal, com abrangência nacional, com base na tríade estrutura-processo-resultado proposta por Donabedian e na integralidade da assistência. Utilizaram-se dados do Sistema de Informações Hospitalares e do Cadastro Nacional de Estabelecimentos de Saúde. Conformaram a rede materna e neonatal do SUS, 3.400 hospitais que realizaram pelo menos 12 partos/2009, ou cujo número de partos realizados representassem 10,0% ou mais no total de internações/2009. Relevância e confiabilidade foram definidas como critérios para seleção das variáveis a serem utilizadas. Foi realizada a construção e valoração dos indicadores simples, compostos e do índice de completude, e distribuição da rede hospitalar materna e neonatal nas regiões do País. RESULTADOS Selecionaram-se 40 variáveis a partir das quais foram construídos 27 indicadores simples, cinco indicadores compostos e o índice de completude. Os indicadores compostos foram construídos a partir da agregação dos indicadores simples, conformando as dimensões: porte hospitalar, complexidade, prática assistencial ao parto, práticas hospitalares recomendáveis e práticas epidemiológicas. O índice de completude agregou as cinco dimensões, fracionado em ordem crescente, originando cinco níveis de completude da assistência hospitalar materna e neonatal: baixíssima, baixa, intermediária, alta e altíssima. A rede hospitalar foi predominantemente de pequeno porte, baixa complexidade, com desempenho inadequado das práticas assistenciais ao parto e com baixo desenvolvimento das práticas recomendáveis e epidemiológicas. ...

Reabilitação de uma idosa com alcoolismo / Rehabilitation of an elderly with alcoholism

Trata-se de um estudo de caso com abordagem qualitativa, respaldado na Teoria das Representações Sociais. Teve por objetivo compreender e analisar o caminho percorrido por uma mulher idosa com alcoolismo crônico, acompanhada em um Centro de Atenção Psicossocial de Álcool e outras Drogas, a partir do modelo de atenção integral à saúde para tratamento de problemas decorrentes do uso de álcool e outras drogas, vislumbrando a busca de novas perspectivas de cuidado. O caso levantou questionamentos acerca das limitações existentes na rede de atenção ao cuidado da dependência química entre mulheres, na Secretaria Municipal de Saúde do Recife. Acolheu igualmente a necessidade em avançar na reabilitação e na reinserção social em prol da obtenção de resultados significativos na melhoria da qualidade de vida da idosa, relacionando-os à proposta de promoção da saúde.Para tanto, fez-se necessário relatar a história do tratamento e reabilitação de vida da idosa com seus momentos de investimento, dificuldades e superações. Realizou-se ao final, a preconização de um modelo de atenção integral à saúde de usuários de drogas, que precisa ser compreendida a partir de sua expressão na prática cotidiana do serviço.(AU)

This is a case study with a qualitative approach, supported the theory of social representations, which aimed to understand and analyze the path of an elderly woman with chronic alcoholism accompanied in a Psychosocial Care Center for Alcohol and Other Drugs, from the comprehensive care model for treatment to health problems caused by alcohol andother drugs glimpsing the search for new perspectives to care. The case raised questions about the limitations of the network existidas attention to the care of addiction among women of the Municipal Health Recife. Also accepted the need for advances in rehabilitation and social reintegration for the sake of obtaining significant results in improving the quality of life of the elderly, relating them to the proposed health promotion. Therefore, it was necessary to tell the story of the treatment and rehabilitation of elderly living with their time investment, difficulties and over runs. We finished that apreconização a model of comprehensive health care for drug users need to be understood from its expression in the daily practice of theservice.(AU)

[The public healthcare system in the context of Brazil's demographic transition: current and future demands]. / Assistência pública de saúde no contexto da transição demográfica brasileira: exigências atuais e futuras.

This paper assesses inpatient and outpatient care and their capacity to respond to changing demands in the context of the demographic transition in Brazil. The data were obtained from studies by the Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics (IBGE) and databases in the National Health System (CNES, SIH, and SIA). The reduction in birth, fertility, and infant mortality rates and the increase in life expectancy at birth are still driving population growth, while decreasing the dependency rate, thereby providing the opportunity to make necessary adjustments. The population increased by more than 27.5 million from 1999 to 2009, with a 26.7% reduction in hospital beds and 947,000 hospitalizations, with distortions in the distribution by specialty, but with increases in high-complexity outpatient and inpatient care. The results show that Brazil is undergoing a transition in the healthcare model, requiring greater capacity for future planning of a more complex system and revising the model to prepare for a larger elderly population in the coming decades.

Assistência pública de saúde no contexto da transição demográfica brasileira: exigências atuais e futuras / The public healthcare system in the context of Brazil's demographic transition: current and future demands

Este estudo avalia a assistência hospitalar e ambulatorial e sua capacidade de responder às novas exigências neste contexto da transição demográfica brasileira. As informações foram obtidas dos estudos do IBGE, e sistemas de informações assistenciais do SUS (CNES, SIH e SIA). A redução das taxas de natalidade, fecundidade, mortalidade infantil e aumento da expectativa de vida ao nascer determinam ainda um crescimento demográfico, com redução da taxa de dependência, o que permite uma oportunidade para promover ajustes necessários. Entre 1999 e 2009, a população cresceu em mais 27,5 milhões de habitantes com redução de 26,7% dos leitos e 947 mil internações com distorções na distribuição por clínicas, mas com aumento da assistência de alta complexidade ambulatorial e hospitalar. Os resultados demonstram que vivemos um momento de transição do modelo assistencial que exige maior capacidade de planejamento do futuro da assistência à saúde, tornando mais complexa a rede assistencial e repensando o modelo de atenção à saúde, preparando-se para o grande crescimento da população idosa nas próximas décadas.

This paper assesses inpatient and outpatient care and their capacity to respond to changing demands in the context of the demographic transition in Brazil. The data were obtained from studies by the Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics (IBGE) and databases in the National Health System (CNES, SIH, and SIA). The reduction in birth, fertility, and infant mortality rates and the increase in life expectancy at birth are still driving population growth, while decreasing the dependency rate, thereby providing the opportunity to make necessary adjustments. The population increased by more than 27.5 million from 1999 to 2009, with a 26.7% reduction in hospital beds and 947,000 hospitalizations, with distortions in the distribution by specialty, but with increases in high-complexity outpatient and inpatient care. The results show that Brazil is undergoing a transition in the healthcare model, requiring greater capacity for future planning of a more complex system and revising the model to prepare for a larger elderly population in the coming decades.