[Analysis on new research and development ideas and technical points of traditional Chinese medicine for prevention and treatment of chronic heart failure].

Chronic heart failure(CHF), a serious and end stage of various heart diseases, is a common chronic cardiovascular disease in the 21 st century. Literature data show that the 5-year mortality rate of hospitalized patients with heart failure is as high as 50%. Nowadays, the development of drugs treating heart failure has become a hot spot, meanwhile, traditional Chinese medicine(TCM) has shown the advantages in the treatment of chronic heart failure. In this article, four stages to develop traditional Chinese medicine for chronic heart failure were proposed. Firstly, discuss and screen ideas and methods with regard to the development of TCM and its prescriptions based on clinical needs. Secondly, study the preparation process and quality control method by referring to the existing clinical background of TCM prescriptions and analyzing the chemical compositions and pharmacological action characteristics of each herb in the prescription. Then, design non-clinical evaluation programs and carry out researches on pharmacodynamics and toxicology by combining the experience of clinical use of TCM prescriptions and future clinical positioning, and gradually adjust and improve the programs during implementation. Finally, conduct clinical trial application(IND) by submitting registration application data which are base on the clinical drug experience, preclinical research pharmacy, main pharmacodynamics, safety test results of the prescription, clinical positioning, and reasonable clinical trial plan designed by the theory of TCM. After passing the IND technical review, the clinical trial study shall be officially launched to achieve the desired results and obtain effective Chinese patent medicines for heart failure treatment.

[Study on prevention effect of huoluotongnao tablet on stroke (II)].

OBJECTIVE: To study the prevention effect of Huoluotongnao tablet on stroke. METHODS: Bilateral common carotid artery ligation and reperfusion injury model and reperfusion injury in focal cerebral ischemia-induced thrombosis line method rat model were used. RESULTS: Huoluotongnao tablet could significantly reduce the pathological injury of rat brain tissue changes of these two models, and increase the activity of SOD and decrease the content of MDA in the brain tissue and plasma of rats. The brain water content of treatment groups were significantly reduced. The behavioral index and cerebral infarction range index were effectively improved in the middle cerebral artery occlusion reperfusion model rats. CONCLUSION: Huoluotongnao tablet has certain prevention effect on stroke.

[Chinese medicine formula 1 regulating immunity and anti-oxidation experiments in mice].

OBJECTIVE: To observe the effect of immunoregulation and anti-oxidation of Zhongyaofangji NO1 (ZYFJ). METHODS: 1. SPF BALB/C mice were randomly divided into control group (distilled water), positive control group (Broken Spore), ZYFJ low dose group (0.35 g/kg), middle dose group (0.70 g/kg) and high dose group (1.40 g/kg), with intragastric administration 1 time/d for 30d; The spleen and thymus index, ability of spleen lymphocyte proliferation, phagocytosing chicken red blood cell (CRBC) of abdominal macrophage cell, carbon clearance were investigated. 2. SPF BALB/C mice were divided into normal control group, model control group (D-galactose induced peroxidation damage), model plus ZYFJ low dose, middle dose and high dose group, model plus positive control group (Broken Spore), with drug administration 1 time/d for 30 d. SOD activity, MDA and LPO content in brain tissue were tested while Nrf2 [Nuclear factor (erythroi D-derived 2)-like 2] protein expression in brain tissue nucleus was tested by western blotting. RESULTS: The thymus index and spleen index in groups of ZYFJ high dose and positive control were higher than those in control group, the ability of lymphocyte proliferation and phagocytosis of macrophages were increased in all the other groups significantly compared with control group; The activity of SOD and Nrf2 protein expression level in brain tissue of model mice was increased, MDA and LPO contents were reduced in ZYFJ middle and high dose as well as positive control significantly, while the MDA content was reduced and Nrf2 protein was increased in low dose group. CONCLUSION: Appropriate dose of ZYFJ1 has good effect of immunoregulation, and plays a role of anti-oxidation probably by regulating Nrf2 protein expression in brain tissue and related signaling pathway.

[Study on prevention effect of huoluotongnao tablet on stroke (I)].

OBJECTIVE: To study the prevention effect of Huoluotongnao tablet on stroke. METHODS: Thrombosis on arteriovenous shunt rats model, platelet aggregation and hypertension combined high cholesterol rats model were used. RESULTS: Huoluotongnao tablet high and low dosage could inhibit the formation of arteriovenous thrombosis and platelet aggregation significantly ,the inhibition rate was 17.71%, 22.69%, 20.34% and 24.43%, respectively. Pretreatment of Huoluotongnao tablet could inhibit the formation of arteriovenous thrombosis significantly; The levels of CHOz in all treatment groups of hypertension combined high cholesterol rats model were decreased significantly,the levels of TGz and LDL-C were decreased in the high dosage group,the blood pressure was decreased in the middle dosage group. eta bL, eta P and eta r (B/P) were decreased in the middle and high dosage groups. eta bM, AI and CY were decreased in the middle and high dosage groups. Huoluotongnao tablet had effect on blood lipid,blood pressure and hemorheology and in a dose-dependence manner. Its minimal effecting dose was the middle dose. g/kg (crude drug) and has certain prevention effect on stroke. CONCLUSION: Huoluotongnao tablet's minimal effecting dose is 1.28

[Effects of xinmaikang capsule on acute myocardial ischemia in coronary artery occlusion dogs].

OBJECTIVE: To observe the preventive effect of xinmaikang capsule against acute myocardial ischemia in coronary artery occlusion dogs. METHODS: 25 healthy hybrids dogs, male and female, were randomly divided into control group (physiological saline solution), 40 mg/kg Di'aoxinxuekang Group, xinmaikang low doses (1.55 g/kg), median doses (3.10 g/kg) and high doses (6.20 g/kg) group, 5 dogs a group. The left downwards coronary arteries of dogs were ligated to establish the acute myocardial ischemia model. The blood gas analysis, myocardial enzyme detection, blood pressure,heart rate and epicardial electrogram recorded were detected before and after the stomach lavage. 240 min later, the myocardial tissues were stained with NBT technology to examine the sizes of infarction areas. RESULTS: (1) Each dose of xinmaikang capsule could increase coronary artery blood flow (CBF) and reduce the coronary resistance (CVR) (P < 0.05 or P < 0.01). (2) The median and high doses of xinmaikang capsule could decrease myocardial oxygen consumption significantly (P < 0.05 or P < 0.01); (3) In the median and high doses of the xinmaikang capsule groups, the infarction areas decreased significantly (P < 0.01). (4) Serum lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and Creatine phosphokinase (CPK) levels decreased significantly (P < 0.05 or P < 0.01) in all xinmaikang groups. CONCLUSION: Xinmaikang capsule has the effect of anti-myocardial ischemia and can protect myocardial cells, which is a potential drug and precaution treatment for myocardial ischemia.

[Protective effects of total paeony glycoside against global cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury in gerbils].

OBJECTIVE: To study the protective effects of the total paeony glycoside (TPG) against global cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury in gerbils. METHODS: Gerbils models of global cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury were prepared by bilateral common carotid artery ligation for 12 min followed by 24-hour reperfusion. The effects of TGP on brain edema index, superoxide dismatase (SOD) activity and malonaldehyde (MDA) concentration of the cerebral tissue homogenate and pathology of the brain were examined 24 h after model establishment. RESULTS: Compared with the model group, TPG at the doses of 200 and 400 mg/kg could significantly relieve brain edema, enhance SOD activity and lower MDA concentration in the gerbils. Pathological examination showed that the gerbils with TPG treatment had milder injury of the cells in the hippocampal CA1 region. CONCLUSIONS: TPG has obvious protective effects against global cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury.

[Total alkaloid of Macleaya cordata: in vitro cytotoxic effect on Hep3B cells and in vivo antitumor effect in mice].

OBJECTIVE: To observe the cytotoxic effects in vitro and antitumor effects in vivo of total alkaloid of Macleaya cordata. METHODS: MTT assay was used to assess the proliferation of Hep3B and H22 cells in vitro treated with the alkloid, and the inhibitory effects of the alkaloid on H22 and S180 tumors were observed in mice with subcutaneous inoculation of the tumor cells. RESULTS: The total alkaloid significantly inhibited the proliferation of human Hep3B cells and murine H22 cells in a dose-dependent in vitro. IC(50) of the alkloid in 3 repeated experiments was 3.04, 3.98 and 2.98 mug/ml respectively in Hep3B cells, and was 2.89, 2.21 and 2.34 mug/ml in H22 cells. In the tumor-bearing mice, the alkaloid inhibited the development of H22 tumor and prolonged the survival of S180 tumor-bearing mice. At the daily dose of 1, 2, and 4 mg/kg.b.w (i.p.) and 4 mg/kg.b.w. (i.g.) for 10 days, the inhibition rates of the alkaloid on H22 tumor in 3 repeated experiments were 18.6%, 35.1%, 44.9% and 7.9% respectively, and the rates of survival prolongation of the tumor-bearing mice were 24.8%, 48.9%, and 52.7%, respectively. CONCLUSION: The alkloid possesses antitumor effects both in vitro and in vivo.

[General pharmacology of Danhong injection].

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effect of Danhong injection on the cardiovascular, the respiratory, and the nervous systems in animals. METHODS: Using the pressure transducer, tension transducer and subcutaneous electrodes connected to a multifunctional signal processor, the femoral artery pressure, respiratory curve and electrocardiogram were recorded, respectively, in dogs before and after administration of Danhong injection. The effect of the injection on spontaneous activities was observed in mice using a multifunctional mouse activity recorder. The effects were also observed on coordinated movements by recording tilt-board falling times of the mice and on hypnosis induced by subthreshold dose of pentobarbital sodium by observing the disappearance of righting reflex. RESULTS: Danhong injection caused slight decrease in systolic blood pressure without obviously affecting the heart rate, diastolic blood pressure and respiratory system of anesthetized dogs 30 min after intravenous Danhong injection at the dose of 2.4 g/kg, but at the doses of 1.2 and 0.6 g/kg.b.w, the injection did not produce any significant impact. The coordinated movement and spontaneous activity and pentobarbital sodium-induced hypnosis in mice were not obviously affected by the 3 doses of Danhong injection. CONCLUSION: Danhong injection does not affect the respiratory functions of the dogs and nervous system of mouse with the exception of the systolic pressure at the 3 doses.