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1.
Sci Rep ; 8(1): 6972, 2018 05 03.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-29725085

ABSTRACT

The unicellular marine alga Dunaliella salina is a most interesting green cell factory for the production of carotenes and lipids under extreme environment conditions. However, the culture conditions and their productivity are the major challenges faced by researchers which still need to be addressed. In this study, we investigated the effect of bicarbonate amendment on biomass, photosynthetic activity, biochemical constituents, nutrient uptake and antioxidant response of D. salina during macronutrient deficit conditions (N-, P- and S-). Under nutrient deficit conditions, addition of sodium bicarbonate (100 mM) significantly increased the biomass, carotenoids including ß-carotene and lutein, lipid, and fatty acid content with concurrent enhancement of the activities of nutrient assimilatory and carbonic anhydrase enzymes. Maximum accumulation of carotenoid especially ß-carotene (192.8 ± 2.11 µg/100 mg) and lipids (53.9%) was observed on addition of bicarbonate during nitrate deficiency compared to phosphate and sulphate deficiency. Supplementation of bicarbonate reduced the oxidative stress caused by ROS, lowered lipid peroxidation damage and improved the activities of antioxidant enzymes (SOD, CAT and APX) in D. salina cultures under nutrient stress.


Subject(s)
Bicarbonates/metabolism , Carotenoids/metabolism , Chlorophyceae/physiology , Oxidative Stress , Biomass , Lipid Metabolism , Lipid Peroxidation , Lutein/metabolism , Photosynthesis
2.
Food Funct ; 8(12): 4517-4527, 2017 Dec 13.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-29094744

ABSTRACT

Dunaliella salina is a photosynthetic cell factory used for the commercial production of food additives, cattle stock feed and cosmetics as well as active ingredients for pharmaceutical industries. The investigation of the in vivo antitumor activity of D. salina lyophilized powder (DSLP) against 7,12-dimethylbenz(a)anthracene (DMBA) induced mammary carcinogenesis in female Wistar rats indicated a dose-dependent effect of DSLP. We studied the effect of DSLP at two different dosages of 500 and 1000 mg per kg bw on DMBA induced mammary cancer in rats by measuring the status of antioxidant enzymes, phase I and phase II detoxification enzymes, lipid peroxidation, and glycoconjugated proteins and by investigating the expression pattern of cell proliferation (Ki-67), hormonal receptor (ER, PR and HER2) status by immunohistochemical analysis, and apoptotic (caspase-3 and -9) and pro-inflammatory (COX-2) markers by colorimetric analysis. After 16 weeks of the study, we observed 100% tumor formation (including high tumor incidence and tumor volume) and a significant increase in the level of hormonal receptors, cell proliferation, and pro-inflammatory and apoptosis markers in tumor-bearing animals compared to the control. The oral administration of DSLP (1000 mg per kg bw) to the DMBA treated animals showed up to 83.4% reduction of tumors and effectively restored the levels of biochemical markers in the mammary tissues in addition to the downregulation of the expression of molecular markers. In conclusion, DSLP was found to show a chemopreventive effect against breast cancer induced in rats through the suppression of cell proliferation and the induction of apoptosis.


Subject(s)
Anticarcinogenic Agents/administration & dosage , Breast Neoplasms/drug therapy , Carotenoids/administration & dosage , Chlorophyta/chemistry , Plant Extracts/administration & dosage , 9,10-Dimethyl-1,2-benzanthracene , Administration, Oral , Animals , Apoptosis/drug effects , Benz(a)Anthracenes/adverse effects , Breast Neoplasms/chemically induced , Breast Neoplasms/metabolism , Breast Neoplasms/physiopathology , Caspase 3/metabolism , Cell Proliferation/drug effects , Disease Progression , Female , Humans , Lipid Peroxidation/drug effects , Rats , Rats, Sprague-Dawley , Rats, Wistar
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