ABSTRACT
A 24-amino acid leader peptide of a new human recombinant manganese superoxide dismutase can enter cells and carry molecules. Here, we demonstrated that six of the 24 amino acids penetrate cells through a particular gate represented by a specific amino acid sequence of the oestrogen receptor (ER). We analysed the internalization of the synthetic hexapeptide and the cytotoxic activity of the hexapeptide conjugated to cisplatin on a cell line panel. In most cell lines, the hexapeptide delivered an amount of cisplatin that was 2 to 8 times greater than that released by cisplatin when the drug was used alone. This increased delivery increases the therapeutic index of cisplatin and reduces side effects caused by a high dosage or long-term treatment times. We may consider this hexapeptide a new molecular carrier to deliver molecules with therapeutic activity into ER(+) cells for diagnostic purposes and clinical or immune therapy.
Subject(s)
Drug Carriers/chemistry , Peptide Fragments/chemistry , Amino Acid Sequence , Antineoplastic Agents/chemistry , Antineoplastic Agents/metabolism , Antineoplastic Agents/pharmacology , Cell Line, Tumor , Cell Survival/drug effects , Cisplatin/chemistry , Cisplatin/metabolism , Cisplatin/pharmacology , Drug Carriers/metabolism , Drug Carriers/pharmacology , Drug Screening Assays, Antitumor , Endoplasmic Reticulum/metabolism , Fluorescein/chemistry , Fluorescein/metabolism , Fluorescent Dyes/chemistry , Fluorescent Dyes/metabolism , Humans , Inhibitory Concentration 50 , Peptide Fragments/metabolism , Peptide Fragments/pharmacology , Protein Sorting Signals , Receptors, Estrogen/metabolism , Recombinant Proteins/chemistry , Superoxide Dismutase/chemistryABSTRACT
UNLABELLED: The most common esthetic challenge associated with endodontics is the discoloration of natural tooth structure. Also in fixed prosthesis, discolorations represent an esthetic limit, particularly in the case of all-ceramic restorations. In fact, the final esthetic result can be compromised by the grey radiated through the coping and soft tissue. PURPOSE: The aim of the study was to evaluate the masking ability of Procera alumina restorations. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Clinical evaluation was investigated by using tests of discolored teeth. Each abutment, classified with Natural Die Material (Ivoclar Vivadent), were manufactured three alumina copings with thickness of 0.4, 0.6, and 0.8 mm, respectively. Masking ability for each coping was evaluated in relation to the degree of discoloration. On the basis of the results obtained, seventeen discolored teeth, treated with Procera alumina restorations, were evaluated. Color match, porcelain surface, marginal discoloration, and marginal integrity were clinically examined following modified CDA/Ryge criteria. CONCLUSION: The Procera AllCeram alumina system seems to be a reliable and excellent technology for the prosthetic treatment of moderate and serious discolored anterior teeth with an exceptionally natural look.