ABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE: Vitamin D3 has been shown to be effective in the treatment of PCOS. However, due to its poor solvability and bioavailability, effective time is delayed and dosage requirements are increased. In our previous study, we demonstrated that PhytoSolve containing VD3 is more effective than vitamin D3 alone in the treatment of PCOS. In this study, we aimed to investigate the effect of this vitamin D3 formulation on gene expression involved in implantation in patients with PCOS. METHODS: To create PhytoSolve, Lipid S75, glycerol, and MCT oil were combined using a sonicator probe. Six groups, each consisting of 36 female Naval Medical Research Institute (NMRI) mice, were included in the following groups: control; sham; PCOS; PhytoSolve; PhytoSolve containing VD3; and vitamin D3. The mice were given DHEA injections to induce PCOS. After administering PhytoSolve containing VD3 and vitamin D3 by gavage for one week from the 13th day of model creation, the female mice were mated and endometrial tissue was collected for analysis of LIF, ß-integrin, and HOXA10 proteins and genes. RESULTS: Compared to the group receiving vitamin D3 alone, the group receiving PhytoSolve containing vitamin D3 showed a significant increase in the expression of LIF, ß-integrin, and HOXA10 genes (p<0.05). Although there was an increase in the expression of ß-integrin and HOXA10 proteins in the group given PhytoSolve containing vitamin D3 compared to the group given vitamin D3, this increase was not significant. However, the increase in LIF protein expression in the group given PhytoSolve containing vitamin D3 was significant when compared to the group given vitamin D3 (p<0.05). CONCLUSIONS: The use of PhytoSolve containing vitamin D3 was more effective than vitamin D3 alone. The PhytoSolve formulation might be a useful solution for medications with limited solubility and bioavailability.
ABSTRACT
Although the role of myo-inositol (MYO) in promoting the oocyte quality of PCOS patients has been documented in human studies; the cellular effects of this supplement on oocytes have not been directly examined due to ethical limitations. In the first phase of this study, MYO dosimetry was carried out simultaneously with the PCOS model development. An effective dose was obtained following the assessment of fasting insulin and testosterone levels using ELISA and ovarian morphology appraisal by histopathology. In the second phase, following the continuous administration of the effective dose of MYO and dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA), cellular evaluation was performed. The quality of oocytes from superovulation was analyzed by examining maturity and normal morphology percentage using a stereomicroscope, intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) and glutathione (GSH) levels using fluorometry, and ATP count evaluation using ELISA. The results revealed that, among the four different MYO concentrations, the 0.36 mg/g dose compared with the DHEA group reduced testosterone levels and large atretic antral follicles (LAtAnF) diameter. This dose also increased the corpus luteum count and the granulosa:theca (G/T)layer thickness ratio in antral follicles. Furthermore, this dose increased mature oocytes and normal morphology percentage, ATP count, and GSH levels; however, it decreased ROS levels in mature oocytes. Our findings provide the grounds for further cellular and molecular studies on the PCOS mouse model, suggesting that the improvement in mitochondrial function and its antioxidant properties is probably one of the mechanisms by which MYO increases oocyte quality.