Q-markers of Yuquan Capsules based on serum pharmacochemistry of Chinese medicine / 中国中药杂志

This study analyzed the quality markers(Q-markers) of Yuquan Capsules(YQC) based on serum pharmacochemistry of Chinese medicine and detected the components and metabolites of YQC absorbed into the blood by UPLC-Q-TOF-MS and UNIFI systems. As a result, 32 components of YQC were detected, including 17 prototype components and 15 metabolized components. Among them, 12 prototype components(ginsenoside Rh_2, genistein, formononetin, puerarin, daidzein, schizandrin A, schizandrin B, schizandrin C, schizandrol A, schizandrol B, gomisin D, and ononin) and 12 metabolized components(ginsenoside Rg_1, ginsenoside Rg_2, ginsenoside Rg_3, ginsenoside Ro, 3'-methoxypuerarin, daidzin, astragaloside Ⅱ, astragaloside Ⅳ, glycyrrhizic acid, liquiritigenin, isoliquiritin, and verbascoside) showed inhibitory effects and pharmacological activities against diabetes, and these 24 blood-entering components against diabetes were identified as Q-markers of YQC.

Mechanism of Cervi Cornu Pantotrichum in Treatment of Osteoarthritis Based on Network Pharmacology / 中国实验方剂学杂志

ObjectiveTo explore the mechanism of Cervi Cornu Pantotrichumin in the treatment of osteoarthritis by network pharmacology. MethodThe active ingredients and the corresponding targets of Cervi Cornu Pantotrichumin were screened out by a Bioinformatics Analysis Tool of Molecular mechANism of Traditional Chinese Medicine （BATMAN-TCM）. The targets related to osteoarthritis were obtained through GeneCards and Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man （OMIM）. The targets corresponding to the active ingredients and those related to osteoarthritis were intersected to reveal the common targets， and STRING was adopted to build a protein-protein interaction （PPI） network. DAVID was used for gene ontology （GO） annotation and Kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes （KEGG） pathway enrichment on the anti-osteoarthritis targets of Cervi Cornu Pantotrichumin， and R x64 3.6.3 was employed to produce the advanced bubble charts of GO terms and KEGG pathways. Cytoscape 3.7.2 was used to establish the “Chinese medicinal herb-active ingredient-target-signaling pathway” network. In vitro experiments were performed to detect the viability of RAW 264.7 cells exposed to oxidative stress and the tumor necrosis factor （TNF）-α level in RAW 264.7 cells with inflammation under the treatment by Cervi Cornu Pantotrichumin. ResultA total of 20 active ingredients of Cervi Cornu Pantotrichum were obtained， of which ceramide， 6'-O-β-D-glucosylgentiopicroside， cerebroside， oleuropein， sphingomyelin， and cholesterol ferulate did not meet the screening conditions. Therefore， a total of 14 active ingredients were finally screened out， and 303 and 3 093 targets of active ingredients and osteoarthritis were respectively obtained. The two target sets were taken to intersect， which revealed 92 common targets. GO annotation and KEGG pathway enrichment showed that the targets were mainly involved in redox process， positive regulation of RNA polymerase Ⅱ promoter transcription， inflammatory response， protein synthesis， osteoclast differentiation， TNF signaling pathway， signaling pathways in cancer， mammalian target of rapamycin （mTOR） signaling pathway， mitogen-activated protein kinase （MAPK） signaling pathway， and cyclic adenosine monophosphate （cAMP） signaling pathway. The results of in vitro experiments showed that a certain concentration of protein in Cervi Cornu Pantotrichum significantly increased the viability of RAW 264.7 cells exposed to H2O2-induced oxidative damage （P<0.05， P<0.01） and reduced the level of TNF-α in the RAW 264.7 cells experiencing lipopolysaccharide （LPS）-induced inflammation （P<0.05）. ConclusionBased on the network pharmacology method， the mechanism of the multi-component， multi-target and multi-pathway treatment of OA by antler antler was explained， and the anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities of antler antler were confirmed， which provided theoretical guidance and scientific basis for further research on the treatment of OA by antler antler.

Knowledge of medical professionals, their practices, and their attitudes toward traditional Chinese medicine for the prevention and treatment of coronavirus disease 2019: A survey in Sichuan, China.

This study aimed to investigate the knowledge, practices, and attitudes of medical professionals toward Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) for the prevention and treatment of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). All 401 medical professionals were surveyed using an anonymous with an investigator using the Questionnaire star APP. The participants answered 14 questions; of the 401 participants, 55.2% agreed with the statement "TCM can be used for the prevention and treatment of COVID-19," 40.4% remained neutral, and 4.4% disagreed. Moreover, 75.3% agreed with the statement "There is no specific drug for COVID-19," 67% agreed with the statement "TCM can develop immunity to COVID-19" and 62.1% agreed with "TCM can alleviate the symptoms of patients with COVID-19." Meanwhile, 69.1% were aware that TCM has been recommended for COVID-19 by the National Health Commission of the People's Republic of China. Regarding the selection of sources of knowledge on whether "TCM can be used for the prevention and treatment of COVID-19," There were 277, 123, 82, 369, and 17 participants selected sources from "Hospital training," "Academic journals," "Academic Conferences," "Social media platforms (such as WeChat)" and "Others," respectively. Further, 358 participants will take TCM for the prevention of COVID-19. Multiple logistic regression analysis showed that age, major and received TCM treatment within the last five years were independent factors affecting the participants' attitudes. In the absence of specific drugs for COVID-19, more than half of the participants agreed that TCM could be used for the prevention and treatment of COVID-19 and most participants are willing to take TCM to prevent COVID-19, although unsure about its effectiveness. The main information sources on TCM for the treatment and prevention of COVID-19 were social platforms and hospital training.

Research and prospect of Traditional Chinese Medical Microecology / 中国中药杂志

In the long-term evolution, microbes and hosts coexist widely, forming a symbiotic microecosystem and resulting the complex interactions of the metabolism. With the application of microecological theory in Chinese materia medica science, two main points have been accepted gradually. On the one hand, the prevention and treatment of human diseases by traditional Chinese medicines can be achieved through the correction and adjustment of the imbalance of the human microecosystem. On the other hand, the microecosystem can regulate the quality of traditional Chinese medicines in real time, and further affect their curative effect. Thus, a new discipline, Traditional Chinese Medical Microecology, has been gradually established. In this review, the background, theoretical structure, research directions, key problems and the relationship with human microecology of Traditional Chinese Medical Microecology were systematically summarized and prospected for promoting its development. Moreover, this review provides a reference protocol for further discoursing the microecological mechanism involving the efficacy of traditional Chinese medicines.

Comparative pharmacokinetics of bergenin, a main active constituent of Saxifraga stolonifera Curt., in normal and hepatic injury rats after oral administration / 中国天然药物

Bergenin, isolated from the herb of Saxifrage stolonifera Curt. (Hu-Er-Cao) has hepatoprotective, anti-inflammatory, antitussive, and neuroprotective activities. The aim of the present study was to establish a simple, rapid, and sensitive RP-HPLC method for determination of bergenin in rat plasma and compare its oral pharmacokinetic behaviors in normal and CCl-induced hepatic injury rats. With norisoboldine as an internal standard, chromatographic separation was performed on a C analytical column with acetonitrile and water (11 : 89, V/V) containing 0.1% formic acid as the mobile phase. A good linearity was obtained over the range of 100-10 000 ng·mL. The lower limit of quantification was 50 ng·mL. The developed method was successfully applied to a study of the pharmacokinetic difference of bergenin (100 mg·kg) between normal and hepatic injury rats after oral administration. Marked alterations of pharmacokinetic parameters in hepatic injury rats were observed. Compared to normal rats, the AUC of bergenin in hepatic injury rats was elevated to 2.11-fold and C was increased by 130%, whereas CL value was only 55% of the normal rats, suggesting that the systemic exposure of bergenin was significantly increased under hepatic injury status.

Effect of acupuncture combined language training on cerebral palsy children with language retardation / 中国中西医结合杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To observe effects of acupuncture combined speech therapy for cerebral palsy children with linguistic retardation.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Totally 132 cerebral palsy children were randomly assigned to the speech training group (Group A, 44 cases) and the routine acupuncture combined speech training group (Group B, 44 cases), and the acupuncture combined speech training group (Group C, 44 cases). Patients in Group A received one to one training including game therapy, therapy of communication attitudes, and so on. Those in the other two groups were needed at Baihui (GV20), Sishencong (EX-HN1), the first language zone, the second language zone, and the third language zone. Those in Group B were treated with electric needling and then speech training. Those in Group C were treated with language training, while needling with needle maintaining for 40 min. All patients were treated once daily, 5 times per week, 20 times as one course of treatment, 6 courses in total. The efficacy was assessed using S-S phonetic speech developmental retardation examination (CRRC version). The development quotient (DQ) was observed referring to the Gesell intellectual development scale before treatment, after 3 and 6 treatment courses.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Compared with Group A (the total effective rate: 51.3%, DQ value: 58.1 +/- 13.3), better effects were obtained in Group B (the total effective rate: 77.5%, DQ value: 60.4 +/- 13.5) and Group C (the total effective rate: 81.0%, DQ value: 64.0 +/- 11.6) (all P < 0.05). There was no statistical difference in the total effective rate or post-treatment DQ value between Group B and Group C (P > 0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Acupuncture combined speech therapy showed obvious effects on cerebral palsy children with linguistic retardation.</p>

Analgesic effect of transcutaneous electrical acupoint stimulation combined with target-controlled infusion in general anesthesia and effects on cardiovascular system / 中国针灸

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To observe analgesic effect of transcutaneous electrical acupoint stimulation combined with target-controlled infusion (TCI) in general anesthesia and effects on cardiovascular system.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Sixty selective breast operation patients were randomly divided into a combined group and a TCI group, 30 cases in each group. The combined group received anesthesic induction for 30 min with transcutaneous electrical acupoint stimulation and then TCI into vein for general anesthesia, and the transcutaneous electrical acupoint stimulation was continued till the end of the operation. The TCI group only received TCI irito vein for general anesthesia. The target-controlled concentration of the general anesthesia drugs in plasma was monitored to evaluate the analgesic effect of transcutaneous electrical acupoint stimulation. Meanwhile, the effects of the transcutaneous electrical acupoint stimulation on cardiovascular system were investigated.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The mean Propofol and Fentany dosages needed were 226.67 mg and 0.11 mg in the combined group, and 272.22 mg and 0.14 mg in the TCI group during the operation, respectively, with significant differences (P < 0.05 or P < 0.01). The changes of heart rate and blood pressure in the combined group during skin-cutting were significantly less than those in the TCI group (P < 0.05). The awaking time in the combined group was significantly shortened.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The transcutaneous electrical acupoint stimulation has a certain analgesic effect in the operation and can reduce 17% Propofol dosage and 14% Fentany dosage, and it can decrease the skin-cutting-induced stress reaction of the cardiovascular system and accelerate waking.</p>

Effect of previous analgesia of scalp acupuncture on post-operative epidural morphine analgesia in the patient of intestinal cancer / 中国针灸

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To probe the effect of previous analgesia of scalp acupuncture.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Sixty cases of radical operation of intestinal cancer were randomly divided into 2 groups: a scalp acupuncture plus epidural analgesia (scalp acupuncture group) and an epidural analgesia group, 30 cases in each group. The scalp acupuncture group received scalp acupuncture from 20 min before operation to the end of the operation, and epidural analgesia at the end of the operation. The epidural analgesia group only received epidural analgesia at the end of the operation. Recovery of VAS scores, BCS scores and gastrointestinal function after operation were investigated to probe into effects of scalp acupuncture on epidural morphine analgesia after operation in the patient of intestinal cancer.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The VAS scores at 6 h, 12 h, 24 h and 48 h in the scalp acupuncture group were lower than the epidural analgesia group, with significant differences at 6 h and 12 h between the two groups (P < 0.05). BCS scores at the 4 time points in the scalp acupuncture group were lower than the epidural analgesia group with significant differences between the two groups (all P < 0.05). The scalp acupuncture group in recovery of bowel sound, exsufflation from the anus in the scalp acupuncture group was faster than the epidural analgesia group (P < 0.01).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Scalp acupuncture has a certain previous analgesic effect, reducing discomfort of the patient after operation and promoting the recovery of gastrointestinal functions.</p>

Effects of scalp acupuncture on regulative ability of oxidative stress reaction at operation stage / 中国针灸

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To study on regulative action of scalp acupuncture on oxidative stress reaction at operation stage.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Fifty two cases selected for radical operation of intestinal cancer were randomly divided into a scalp acupuncture plus general anesthesia (scalp acupuncture group) and a simple general anesthesia group (general anesthesia group), 26 cases in each group. The scalp acupuncture group were treated first with scalp acupuncture for 20 min, followed by general anesthesia, with scalp acupuncture lasted till the end of operation. The general anesthesia group were treated only with simple intratracheal anesthesia. Effects of scalp acupuncture on malondialdehyde (MDA) level and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity at the operation stage were observed.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>After operation, MDA levels decreased significantly (P < 0.05) in the two groups, but with no difference between the two groups in the different values of MDA before and after treatment (P > 0.05); there was no significant change in SOD before and after treatment in the scalp acupuncture group, and significantly decreased in the general anesthesia group (P < 0.05). There was a significant difference between the two groups in the different value of SOD before and after the operation (P < 0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Scalp acupuncture can inhibit the decrease of SOD activity, reducing oxidative stress reaction at operation stage.</p>

Comparative Study on the Standard Decoction of Yinqiao Powder / 中国中医药信息杂志

Objective To compare the four kinds of Yinqiao Powder prepared by archaic decoction,Japan standard decoction,medical institution decoction and decoction combined archaic with modern technology,select the best method and provide the important theory basis for standardization of decoction technics of diaphoretic recipes.Methods The major contents of traditional Chinese medicine were determined by HPLC and used as the evaluating indicator as well as the ratio of dry extraction.Results The method of archaic decoction got the highest synthetic scores,and the validating experimental result was stable.Conclusion The preparation method of archaic decoction could be used as the reference standard for preparation technology of Yinqiao Powder,in order to further standardize the preparation of the standard decoction of diaphoretic recipes.

Effects of yogurt supplementation on the growth of preschool children in Beijing suburbs / 生物医学与环境科学（英文）

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the effect of yogurt supplementation on the growth of preschool children in Beijing suburbs.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Four hundred and two preschool children (217 males, 185 females), aged 3-5 years, whose height for age and/or weight for age were less than the reference level, were selected as subjects from 7 kindergartens in Beijing Fangshan District. The subjects were divided randomly into control group (CG, 201) and yogurt supplemented group (YG, 201). Each subject in YG was given one serving of yogurt (125 g) for 5 days a week from March to December in 2001, while nothing additional was provided to CG. All subjects kept their usual diet during the study. Anthropometry (body height and weight and upper-arm circumference) and the bone mineral density (BMD) of forearm were measured every 3 months. Disease status and dietary intake were also recorded and assessed.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The intake of calcium, zinc, and vitamin B2 in YG was significantly higher than that in CG. The incidence and duration of upper-respiratory infection and diarrhea of children in YG were significantly less than those in CG. The height gain of children in YG was significantly higher than that in CG after yogurt was supplemented for 3, 6, and 9 months (P<0.05) (1.90+/-0.49 cm vs 1.77+/-0.54 cm, 3.83+/-0.57 cm vs 3.64+/-0.66 cm and 5.43+/-0.69 cm vs 5.24+/-0.76 cm, respectively). The weight gain of children in YG was significantly higher than that in CG after yogurt was supplemented for 3, 6, and 9 months (P<0.05) (0.70+/-0.43 kg vs 0.49+/-0.35 kg, 0.98+/-0.62 kg vs 0.80+/-0.60 kg and 1.42+/-0.76 kg vs 1.20+/-0.67 kg, respectively). The BMD of children in YG was significantly higher than that in CG after yogurt was supplemented for 9 months (P<0.05) (0.415+/-0.058 g/cm2 vs 0.400+/-0.065 g/cm2).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Yogurt is beneficial to the improvement of calcium, zinc, and vitamin B2 intake, the decreasing of the incidence and duration of upper-respiratory infection and diarrhea, and the promotion of the health and the growth and development of preschool children.</p>

Effects of veratryl alcohol and tween 80 on ligninase production and its roles in decolorization of azo dyes by white-rot basidiomycete PM2 / 生物工程学报

Basidiomycete PM2, a lignin-degrading white rot fungus, produces lgnin peroxidase (Lip) and manganese peroxidase (Mnp) in nutrient nitrogen limited liquid cultures. This fungus was selected for its ability to decolorize azo group of dyes. In order to improve production of the peroxidases and rapid dye decolorizing activity by basidiomycete PM2, the addition of veratryl alcohol or Tween 80 to nutrient nitrogen limited liquid cultures were tested. It was found to have a large stimulatory effect on Mnp activities and decolorization rate of azo dyes. A maximum Mnp activities of 254.2 u/L with veratryl alcohol and 192.2 u/L with Tween 80 were achieved respectively. These values were about 3.4-fold and 2.5-fold higher than that obtained in the control cultures (without alcohol or Tween 80), whereas the levels of Lip activity detected were very low (about 12 u/L)in all the cultures. In further experiments using three kinds of azo dyes of congo red, orange G and orange IV, enzyme activities and dye decolorization were investigated in the above-mentioned cultures. The results showed that Mnp activities and decolorization were notably higher than those obtained in the control cultures in the presence of azo dyes. Cultures supplemented with Tween 80 were more adequate for dye decolorization. The rates of the decolorization with Tween 80 of congo red (95.4%), orange G (98.5%) and orange IV (54.4%) after 24 hours of dye incubation were higher than that supplemented with veratryl alcohol. According to the results, Mnp activities secreted by basidiomycete PM2 play an essential role in the process of dye decolorization. Tween 80 was the main factor affecting the decolorization. The analysis of structure of the three kinds of azo dyes indicats that the extent of decolorization is affected by the dye molecular structure. The types and quantity of the substituted groups on the aromatic ring of azo dyes have effect on the percentage of biological decolorization.

Effect of micronutrient supplementation on the growth of preschool children in China / 生物医学与环境科学（英文）

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To study the relationship between micronutrient supplementation and children growth.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>A double-blind, placebo-controlled trial was conducted in 156 growth retarded preschool children. They were randomly assigned to five groups: supplemental control (S-control, n = 28), zinc supplementation (+Zn, 3.5 mg Zn/day, n = 34), zinc and calcium supplementation (+ZnCa, 3.5 mg Zn + 250 mg Ca/day, n = 37), zinc and calcium and vitamin A supplementation (+ZnCaVA, 3.5 mg Zn + 250 mg Ca + 200 g VA/day, n = 28), Calcium, and vitamin A supplementation (+CaVA, 250 mg Ca + 200 g VA/day, n = 29). Another 34 children with normal height were selected as normal control (N-control). Supplementation continued for twelve months.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The height gain in +Zn group (7.84 cm per year) and +ZnCa group (7.70 cm per year) was significantly higher than that in S-control group (6.74 cm per year, P < 0.05); The weight gain in +ZnCaVA group (2.55 kg per year) and +CaVA group (2.57 kg per year) was also significantly higher than that in S-control group (2.19 kg per year, P < 0.05); The average days of illness in each supplementation group were lower than that in S-control (13 days per year compared with 23 days per year). No significant difference was observed on bone age.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Zinc and Zinc + Calcium supplementation can improve the height gain, and vitamin A can improve weight gain in growth retarded preschool children, but do not affect the maturity of bone. Micronutrient supplementation can lower the morbidity of these children.</p>

THE INFLUENCE OF YOGHURT SUPPLEMENTATION ON THE GROWTH RATE OF PRESCHOOL CHILDREN IN BEIJING SUBURB / 营养学报

Objective: To observe the effect of yoghurt supplementation on the growth rate of preschool children in Beijing suburb. Methods: 402 healthy children (217 males, 185 females), aged 3-5 years old, were selected as subjects with height and/or weight less than WHO standard from 7 kindergartens in Beijing suburb. The children were divided randomly into control group (CG 201) and yoghurt supplemented group (YG 201). Children in YG were supplemented with yoghurt (125g) for 5d per week for 9 mo, and children in CG not supplemented. Height, weight and upper-arm circumference were measured every month. Blood biochemical parameters (Hb,TP) were detected every 3 mo. Results: Calcium, zinc and VB2 were consumed more in YG than CG. Hb in YG was also higher than CG . The height incease and weight gain of YG was significantly higher than CG during 3, 6 and 9mo. Conclusion: Yoghurt supplementation for 9 months can increase calcium, zinc and VB2 intake, and improve preschool childrens nutritional status, therefore increase their height increase and weight gain.