The efficacy and safety of intravenous sucrose iron therapy for recurrent iron deficiency anemia / 中华血液学杂志

Objective: To evaluate the efficacy and safety of intravenous iron supplementation in patients with recurrent iron deficiency anemia (IDA) . Methods: This retrospective analysis of 90 patients with recurrent IDA from May 2012 to December 2021 was conducted, comparing the efficacy and safety of the intravenous iron therapy group and the oral iron therapy group. Results: Among the 90 patients with recurrent IDA, 20 were males and 70 were females, with a median age of 40 (range: 14-85) years. A total of 60 patients received intravenous iron supplementation and 30 received oral iron supplementation. The hematologic response rates in the intravenous iron group were significantly higher than those in the oral iron group at 4 and 8 weeks after treatment [80.0% (48/60) vs 3.3% (1/30) and 96.7% (58/60) vs 46.7% (14/30), all P<0.001, respectively]. The median increase in hemoglobin levels was also significantly higher in the intravenous iron group than in the oral iron group [38 (4, 66) g/L vs 7 (1, 22) g/L at week 4 and 44.5 (18, 80) g/L vs 19 (3, 53) g/L at week 8, all P<0.001]. The intravenous iron group had a significantly higher proportion of patients who achieved normal hemoglobin levels than the oral iron group (55.0% vs 0 and 90% vs 43.3%, all P<0.001, respectively). Iron metabolism indicators were tested before and after 8 weeks of treatment in 26 and 7 patients in the intravenous and oral iron groups, respectively. The median increase in serum ferritin (SF) levels in the intravenous iron group 8 weeks after treatment was 113.7 (49.7, 413.5) μg/L, and 54% (14/26) of these patients had SF levels of ≥100 μg/L, which was significantly higher than the median increase in SF levels in the oral iron group [14.0 (5.8, 84.2) μg/L, t=4.760, P<0.001] and the proportion of patients with SF levels of ≥100 μg/L (P=0.013). The incidence of adverse reactions was 3.3% (2/60) in the intravenous iron group, which was significantly lower than that in the oral iron group [20.0% (6/30), P=0.015]. Conclusion: Intravenous iron supplementation is more effective for hematologic response, faster hemoglobin increase, and higher iron storage replenishment rates compared with oral iron supplementation in patients with recurrent IDA, and it is well tolerated by patients.

Effect of Dahuang Xiezhuo Prescription on Renal Tubular Function in Patients with IgA Nephropathy Complicated with Hyperuricemia / 中国实验方剂学杂志

ObjectiveTo observe the effect of Dahuang Xiezhuo prescription on the clinical symptoms， blood uric acid， and renal tubular function of patients with immunoglobulin A （IgA） nephropathy in stages 1-2 of chronic kidney disease （CKD） complicated with hyperuricemia （HUA）. MethodSixty patients with IgA nephropathy in stages 1-2 of CKD complicated with HUA of spleen and kidney deficiency and combined turbidity and blood stasis syndromes were randomly divided into an observation group and a control group， with 30 cases in each group. The patients in the control group received basic treatment， i.e.， losartan potassium tablets 50-100 mg/time， once per day， and sodium bicarbonate tablets 0.5 g/time， three times per day by oral administration， combined with low-salt， low-fat， and low-purine diet. The patients in the observation group received Dahuang Xiezhuo prescription on the basis of basic treatment， one dose per day， twice a day in the morning and evening with warm water. Both groups were treated for two months. The total scores of traditional Chinese medicine（TCM）syndrome， blood pressure， 24 h urinary protein （24 h UTP）， blood urea nitrogen （BUN）， serum creatinine （SCr） ［glomerular filtration rate （eGFR） was calculated by CKD-epidemiology collaboration （CKD-EPI） formula］， serum uric acid （SUA）， and renal tubular function indexes ［urinary α1-microglobulin （α1-MG）， urinary β2-microglobulin （β2-MG）， urinary kidney injury molecule-1 （KIM-1）， and neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin （NGAL）］ of the two groups before treatment and two months after treatment were recorded. The clinical efficacy of the two groups was evaluated two months after treatment. ResultAfter 2 months of treatment，the total effective rate in the observation group was 81.48%（22/27），higher than 50.00%（14/28） in the control group（χ2 =6.661，P<0.05）. The total scores of TCM syndrome， 24 h UTP， and SUA in the observation group and the observation group were lower than those before treatment （P<0.05）， and compared with the control group after treatment， the observation group decreased more significantly （P<0.05）. After treatment， the blood pressure in the observation group and the observation group was lower than that before treatment （P<0.05）， and there was no significant difference in blood pressure between the two groups after treatment. After treatment， the levels of urinary α1-MG， β2-MG， KIM-1， and NGAL in the two groups were lower than those before treatment （P<0.05）， and the observation group was lower than the control group after treatment （P<0.05）. There were no significant inter-group and intra-group differences in BUN， SCr， and eGFR levels before and after treatment. There were no obvious abnormalities in blood routine， liver function， and electrolytes before and after treatment in the two groups， and no adverse reactions such as allergies occurred. ConclusionDahuang Xiezhuo prescription can effectively improve the clinical symptoms of IgA nephropathy with HUA （CKD1-2） patients with spleen and kidney deficiency and combined turbidity and blood stasis syndromes， reduce blood uric acid level， alleviate renal tubular injury， and protect the kidney. The curative effect is better than that of basic treatment.

GAO Shu-zhong's clinical experience in "seeking yin from yang needling method" based on "qi street" and "four seas" theories / 中国针灸

The paper introduces professor GAO Shu-zhong's understanding on "seeking yin from yang needling method" and its clinical application on the basis of "qi street" and "four seas" theories. Through professor GAO's clinical practice for years, he integrates and extendes the theories of "seeking yin from yang", "qi street" and "four seas" in Huangdi Neijing (The Yellow Emperor's Inner Classic). In this specific acupuncture method, in reference with the theories of "qi street" and "four seas", acupuncture is exerted on yang part of body, e.g. the back and lumber region to treat the diseases of yin parts, e.g. the chest and abdomen, which is differentiated as yin-yang imbalance in pathogenesis. In order to fully explain the clinical curative effect of "seeking yin from yang needling method", the common diseases in clinic, e.g. the disorders of heart, spleen and stomach systems, as well as the gynecology are taken as examples in the paper.

Manual therapy combined with posterior percutaneous endoscopic cervical decompression for the treatment of cervical spondylotic radiculopathy / 中国骨伤

OBJECTIVE@#To explore the clinical efficacy and safety of manual therapy combined with posterior percutaneous endoscopic cervical decompression(PECD) in the treatment of intractable cervical spondylotic radiculopathy.@*METHODS@#From May 2016 to May 2018, 23 CSR patients who responded poorly to conservative treatment for at least 6 weeks underwent the combination management. Firstly, the patients received the posterior percutaneous endoscopic cervical decompression routine care for the following 4 weeks and manual therapy for another 4 weeks. A total of 23 patients were followed up, including 14 males and 9 females, the age ranged from 29 to 78 years old with an average of (50.30±12.28) years, the course of disease was 3 to 24 months with an average of (9.74±5.76) months. The lesion segment involved C4,5 in 4 cases, C5,6 in 13 cases, C6,7 in 6 cases. The visual analogue scale (VAS), neck disability index (NDI), changes of cervical physiological curvature and interbody stability, adverse events were observed before and after operation. The follow-up time points were before operation, 1 day after operation and 1, 3 and 6 months after operation.@*RESULTS@#All patients successfully completed the operation and manual treatment for 4 to 8 times. Among the 29 cases, 23 patients were followed up for more than 6 months. There was no spinal cord and nerve root injury during the treatment and follow-up. Operation time was from 80 to 120 min with a median of 90 min;intraoperative blood loss was from 35 to 80 ml with a median of 50 ml. NDI, VAS of neck, shoulder and arm each period after operation were significantly lower than those before PECD(P<0.05), while there were no significant improvement in cervical physiological curvature and target segment intervertebral space height(P>0.05);there was no significant change in interbody stability (P>0.05). After received the manual therapy, NDI significantly decreased (P<0.05), however, there was no significant difference in VAS of neck, shoulder and arm, physiological curvature of cervical spine and intervertebral space height of target segment compared with that before manual treatment (P>0.05);there was no significant change in interbody stability (P>0.05).@*CONCLUSION@#Manual therapy combined with PECD in the treatment of intractable cervical spondylotic radiculopathy can not only quickly improve the symptoms, but also alleviate the residual symptoms after PECD safely and effectively, and can not cause obvious signs of accelerated instability of cervical adjacent segments in the short term.

Peanut allergen reduction and functional property improvement by means of enzymatic hydrolysis and transglutaminase crosslinking.

Enzymatic processing could reduce the allergenicity of peanut proteins while may lose the functional properties. Transglutaminase (TGase) is an enzyme for improving the functional properties of proteins/hydrolysates. No studies have been conducted on peanut hydrolysates that are crosslinked with TGase. In this study, allergenicity and functional properties of peanut protein hydrolysate cross-linked by TGase were tested. Papain, ficin and bromelain were selected out of eight food-grade enzymes for the kinetic analysis of peanut protein hydrolysis that lead to high reduction rate (K) of the IgE-binding property. Peanuts hydrolyzed by the three selected enzymes (200 AzU/g) were used for IgE binding, TGase-crosslinking and functional property characterization. After hydrolysis, the IgE-binding properties of the peanut soluble extracts were decreased (by 85%-95%); and functional properties were also decreased as compared to intact peanut protein extracts. The TGase crosslinked hydrolysates had similar IgE-binding properties to the un-crosslinked hydrolysates, but with higher functional properties.

Forming a Large-Scale Droplet Array in a Microcage Array Chip for High-Throughput Screening.

Forming a large-scale droplet array plays an important role for microfluidic droplet-based high-throughput screening and analysis. Herein, we describe a simple and rapid method to form a large-scale two-dimension (2D) droplet array by using a microcage array chip. Differing from the previous droplet array formation methods, microcages formed by being surrounded by multiple micropillars could rapidly spread the oil phase through the gaps between the micropillars and trap droplets with fast speed and convenient operation. We formed a large-scale 2D monolayer droplet array containing approximately 1 000 000 droplets on a 5.5 cm × 5.5 cm microcage array chip within 90 s. The droplets in the droplet array could be further incubated for performing biochemical reactions and detected by a fluorescence microscope in real time. Due to the exact trapping and positioning functions of the microcages to the droplets, single targeted fluorescent droplets in the array could be individually picked out and transferred to culture medium by a microfluidic droplet-handling robot with a success rate of 100% and a picking operation time of 2.0 s for one droplet under the optimized conditions. This system was validated in the screening of the bacterium expressing the esterase AFEST from a mixture of AFEST-expressing and phosphotriesterase-expressing E. coli cells, achieving a success rate of 100% for single-droplet picking while maintaining the bacterial cell viability. The present system has the potential to be applied in high-throughput screening and analysis, such as single cell analysis, directed evolution, and drug screening.

Discovery of BI 135585, an in vivo efficacious oxazinanone-based 11ß hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1 inhibitor.

A potent, in vivo efficacious 11ß hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1 (11ß HSD1) inhibitor (11j) has been identified. Compound 11j inhibited 11ß HSD1 activity in human adipocytes with an IC50 of 4.3nM and in primary human adipose tissue with an IC80 of 53nM. Oral administration of 11j to cynomolgus monkey inhibited 11ß HSD1 activity in adipose tissue. Compound 11j exhibited >1000× selectivity over other hydroxysteroid dehydrogenases, displays desirable pharmacodynamic properties and entered human clinical trials in 2011.

Preparation and evaluation of a sustained-release buckwheat noodle.

BACKGROUND: Different carbohydrates elicit various effects on the digestibility and the glucose release rate, so it is of interest to develop a sustained-release noodle based on the combination of different carbohydrates and reveal the sustained-release mechanism. RESULTS: The data obtained suggest that xanthan and konjac gum exhibited excellent and synergistic sustained-release properties, whereas cornstarch showed the lowest average digestion rate. The sustained release was particularly evident when the noodle consisted of the following components: 50 g of 25 g kg(-1) hydrophilic colloid mixture solution composed of a 1:1 mass ratio of xanthan:konjac gum and 100 g of reconstructed flour consisting of 200 g kg(-1) buckwheat flour, 400 g kg(-1) cornstarch, and 400 g kg(-1) plain flour. The morphological structure of noodles revealed that the composite hydrophilic colloids strengthened the interaction between the gluten network and starch granules. This buried starch within the three-dimensional structure thereby releasing glucose in a slow and sustained way. The most suitable model to describe glucose release from noodles was the Ritger-Peppas equation, which revealed that matrix erosion contributed to the release mechanism. CONCLUSION: These findings indicate that the controlled use of hydrophilic colloids and starches in manufacturing noodles could modulate the glucose sustained-release. © 2015 Society of Chemical Industry.

Diterpenoid B derived from Plectranthus excisus inhibits the melanoma cell cycle in the B16 melanoma cell line.

Plectranthus excisus is widely distributed throughout northeast China. Its active ingredient, diterpenoids, exhibits significant antitumor effects. The present study examined the antitumor effects of diterpenoid B (DB), derived from Plectranthus excisus, and demonstrated that DB inhibited the proliferation of tumor cells by inhibiting the cell cycle. Reverse transcription­quantitative polymerase chain reaction and western blot analysis were used to determine mRNA and protein expression levels, respectively. The results revealed that exposure to DB increased the expression levels of the transformation associated, protein 53, and cyclin­dependent kinase inhibitor 1A, and decreased the expression of cyclin­dependent kinase 2. The results of the present study demonstrated that DB can inhibit cell cycle progression and, therefore, offers potential as a beneficial antitumor drug.

DNA barcoding of Rhodiola (crassulaceae): a case study on a group of recently diversified medicinal plants from the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau.

DNA barcoding, the identification of species using one or a few short standardized DNA sequences, is an important complement to traditional taxonomy. However, there are particular challenges for barcoding plants, especially for species with complex evolutionary histories. We herein evaluated the utility of five candidate sequences - rbcL, matK, trnH-psbA, trnL-F and the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) - for barcoding Rhodiola species, a group of high-altitude plants frequently used as adaptogens, hemostatics and tonics in traditional Tibetan medicine. Rhodiola was suggested to have diversified rapidly recently. The genus is thus a good model for testing DNA barcoding strategies for recently diversified medicinal plants. This study analyzed 189 accessions, representing 47 of the 55 recognized Rhodiola species in the Flora of China treatment. Based on intraspecific and interspecific divergence and degree of monophyly statistics, ITS was the best single-locus barcode, resolving 66% of the Rhodiola species. The core combination rbcL+matK resolved only 40.4% of them. Unsurprisingly, the combined use of all five loci provided the highest discrimination power, resolving 80.9% of the species. However, this is weaker than the discrimination power generally reported in barcoding studies of other plant taxa. The observed complications may be due to the recent diversification, incomplete lineage sorting and reticulate evolution of the genus. These processes are common features of numerous plant groups in the high-altitude regions of the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau.

Pharmacological characterization of the selective 11ß-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase 1 inhibitor, BI 135585, a clinical candidate for the treatment of type 2 diabetes.

To combat the increased morbidity and mortality associated with the developing diabetes epidemic new therapeutic interventions are desirable. Inhibition of intracellular cortisol generation from cortisone by blocking 11ß-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase 1 (11ß-HSD1) has been shown to ameliorate the risk factors associated with the metabolic syndrome. A challenge in developing 11ß-HSD1 inhibitors has been the species selectivity of small molecules, as many compounds are primate specific. Here we describe our strategy to identify potent selective 11ß-HSD1 inhibitors while ensuring target engagement in key metabolic tissues, liver and fat. This strategy enabled the identification of the clinical candidate, BI 135585.

Influence of ferulic acid on the pain-depression dyad induced by reserpine / 药学学报

This study is to offer a clinical pain-depression dyad therapy of ferulic acid, the pain-depression dyad induced by reserpine was established and the dose-effect relationship of ferulic acid on ameliorating pain-depression dyad was explored. Mice were randomly divided into control group, reserpine + vechile and reserpine + ferulic acid (5, 10, 20, 40 and 80 mg x kg(-1)) groups. The reserpine treated mice were tested with thermal hyperalgesia, mechanicial allodynia and forced swimming tests, and the SOD and NO levels of hippocampus and frontal cortex were measured. Moreover, the HPLC-ECD was used to detect the changes of central monoamines concentrations. Compared with control group, reserpine can induce a significant decrease in the nociceptive threshold and increase in the immobility time of the forced swimming test. The results suggested that reserpine significantly increased the level of nitrite in hippocampus and frontal cortex and reduced the levels of SOD, 5-HT and NE in these two brain regions. However, these indexes can be a dose-dependently reversed by ferulic acid (5, 10, 20, 40 and 80 mg x kg(-1)). Ferulic acid can reverse pain-depression dyad, especially at the dose of 80 mg x kg(-1). In addition, it can influence oxidative stress and monoamine level.

Rapid determination of puerarin in Xiaoke pill powder by near-infrared spectroscopy / 中国中药杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To determine the content of puerarin in Xiaoke pill powder rapidly by near-infrared spectroscopy.</p><p><b>METHOD</b>Near-infrared diffuse reflectance spectroscopy technology was used to collect NIR spectra of Xiaoke pills powder. With HPLC analysis values as reference, the fast determination method of puerarin was established with partial least squares (PLS).</p><p><b>RESULT</b>The R2, RMSECV and RPD of the calibration model for puerarin were 0.980 1, 0.131 and 7.09. The average relative deviation of the predication set was 3.2%.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The method is accurate, fast and simple, which could be generalized to the on-line quality control of Xiaoke pill powder production.</p>

Influence of suoquan capsule on detrusor of D-galactose mimetic rats / 中国中药杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To discuss the influence of Suoquan capsule (SQJN) on the detrusor of D-galactose mimetic rats, and to explore the mechanism of reducing urine.</p><p><b>METHOD</b>Investigate the enzymes (ATPase, SDH, SOD, MDA, Na+ -K+ -ATPase, Ca2+ - Mg2+ -ATPase) which influence the production and excretion of urine and the reactivity of urinary detrusor strips to different concentrations of ISO and ATP.</p><p><b>RESULT</b>Compared with the model group, the activity of SOD, Na+ -K+ -ATPase, Ca2+ -Mg2+ -ATPase and SDH increased significantly in aging rats after administrating SQJN (P < 0.01); the complaisance and elasticity of bladder also increased (P < 0.05). The frequency of spontaneous contraction and the MDA decreased significantly (P < 0.05-0.01). The decreased relaxation response to ISO and increased contractile response to ATP were also changed after administrating SQJN.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>SQJN can regulate the metabolism of fluid through recovering the normal physiologic function of the detrusor of bladder.</p>

Collagen protein expressions in ischemic myocardium of rats with acute myocardial infarction and effects of qi-tonifying, yin-tonifying and blood-activating herbs and detoxifying and blood-activating herbs / 中西医结合学报

To investigate collagen protein expressions in ischemic myocardium of rats with acute myocardial infarction (AMI) and the effects of qi-tonifying, yin-tonifying and blood-activating herbs and detoxifying and blood-activating herbs.

Penile replantation, complication management, and technique refinement.

We describe a case of complete guillotine-type penile amputation at the proximal penile shaft. The blood flow was established 10 h after trauma. Circulation in the replanted penis was quite good but there was progressive prepuce necrosis after the hematoma. Cosmetic and urinary outcome was good 6 weeks later. The repair of deep dorsal penile vessels helps in corpus tissue healing and glans circulation. The blood supply from the corpus tissue is sufficient for the survival of the replanted penis even when the repaired dorsal vessels were occluded. Surgical pitfalls in replantation procedures and complication management are discussed.