ABSTRACT
Diabetes mellitus is a typical life threatening of disease, which generate due to the dysfunction of ß cells of pancreas. In 2014, WHO stated that 422â million people were infected with DM. The current pattern of management of diabetes included synthetic or plant based oral hypoglycemic drugs and insulin but drug resentence is become a very big issues in antidiabetic therapy. Thus, it's very earnest to discover now medication for this disease. Now the days, it is well acknowledged that diabetic patients are more prone towards covid and related complications. Thus, medical practitioners reformed the methodology of prescribing medication for covid infected antidiabetic therapy and encouraging the medication contains dual pharmacological properties. It is also well know that polyphenols specifically hold a significant role in oxidative stress and reduced the severity of many inflammatory diseases. Cucumis melo has rich history as ethano-pharmacological use in Indian subcontinent. The fruit and seed are well-known for the treatment of various diseases due to the presence of phenolics. Therefore, in this study, the combined mixture of flower and seeds were used for the extraction of polyphenolic rich extract and tested for antidiabetic activity through the antioxidant and inâ vivo experiments. The antioxidant potential measurement exhibited that the selected plant extract has the significant competence to down-regulate oxidative stress (DPPH scavenging IC50 at 60.7±1.05â µg/mL, ABTS IC50 at 62.15±0.50â µg/mL). Furthermore, the major polyphenolic phyto-compounds derived from the Cucumis melo were used for inâ silico anticovid activity, docking, and complementarity studies. The anticovid activity prognosis reflected that selected phyto-compounds amentoflavone and vanillic acid have optimal possibility to interact with 3C-like protease and through this moderate anticovid activity can be exhibit. The docking experiments established that the selected compounds have propensity to interact with protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B, 11ß-Hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase, superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase, and catalase ß-glucuronidase receptor. Inâ vivo experiments showed that 500â mg/kg, Cucumis melo extract ominously amplified body weight, plasma insulin, high-density lipoprotein levels, and biochemical markers. Furthermore, extract significantly downregulate the blood glucose, total cholesterol, triglycerides, low-density lipoprotein, and very low-density lipoprotein.
Subject(s)
COVID-19 , Cucumis melo , Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental , Momordica , 11-beta-Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenases , Animals , Antioxidants/pharmacology , Antioxidants/therapeutic use , Biomarkers , Blood Glucose , Catalase/metabolism , Cholesterol , Cucumis melo/metabolism , Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental/metabolism , Glucuronidase , Glutathione Peroxidase/metabolism , Humans , Hypoglycemic Agents/pharmacology , Hypoglycemic Agents/therapeutic use , Insulin , Lipoproteins, HDL/therapeutic use , Lipoproteins, LDL/therapeutic use , Momordica/metabolism , Peptide Hydrolases , Plant Extracts/chemistry , Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase, Non-Receptor Type 1 , Superoxide Dismutase/metabolism , Triglycerides , Vanillic AcidABSTRACT
Recently, the use of herbal medicines has been increased all over the world due to their therapeutic effects and fewer adverse effects as compared to the modern medicines. However, many herbal drugs and herbal extracts despite of their impressive in-vitro findings demonstrates less or negligible in-vivo activity due to their poor lipid solubility or improper molecular size, resulting in poor absorption and hence poor bioavailability. Nowadays with the advancement in the technology, novel drug delivery systems open the door towards the development of enhancing bioavailability of herbal drug delivery systems. For last one decade many novel carriers such as liposomes, microspheres, nanoparticles, transferosomes, ethosomes, lipid based systems etc. have been reported for successful modified delivery of various herbal drugs. Many herbal compounds including quercetin, genistein, naringin, sinomenine, piperine, glycyrrhizin and nitrile glycoside have demonstrated capability to enhance the bioavailability. The objective of this review is to summarize various available novel drug delivery technologies which have been developed for delivery of drugs (herbal), and to achieve better therapeutic response. An attempt has also been made to compile a profile on bioavailability enhancers of herbal origin with the mechanism of action (wherever reported) and studies on improvement in drug bioavailability, exhibited particularly by natural compounds.
Subject(s)
Biological Availability , Drug Delivery Systems , Herbal Medicine , Plants, Medicinal , Humans , Lipids/chemistry , Nanoparticles/administration & dosage , Nanoparticles/chemistry , Nanotechnology , Pharmaceutical Preparations/administration & dosage , Plant Extracts/chemistry , Plant Extracts/pharmacokinetics , Plant Extracts/pharmacology , SolubilityABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: The present study was undertaken to evaluate the antihyperglycemic, antihyperlipidemic and hepatoprotective effect of a traditional unani formulation "Qurs Tabasheer" in streptozotocin (STZ) induced diabetic wistar rats. Up till now no study was undertaken to appraise the efficacy of "Qurs Tabasheer" in the diabetic rats. Qurs Tabasheer is a unani formulation restraining preparations from five various herbs namely Tukhme Khurfa (Portulaca oleracea seed), Gule Surkh (Rosa damascena flower), Gulnar (Punica granatum flower), Tabasheer (Bambusa arundinasia dried exudate on node), Tukhme Kahu (Lactuca sativa Linn seed). METHODS: Effect of Qurs Tabasheer was assessed in STZ (60 mg/kg, i.p single shot) induced diabetic wistar rats. STZ produced a marked increase in the serum glucose, Total Cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, VLDL Cholesterol, Triglycerides and trim down the HDL level. We have weighed up the effect of Qurs Tabasheer on hepatic activity through estimating levels of various liver enzymes viz. Hexokinase, Glucose-6-Phosphatase and Fructose-1-6-biphosphatase in STZ diabetic wistar rats. RESULTS: In STZ-induced diabetic wistar rats level of Hexokinase, and Glucose-6-Phosphatase was decreased to a significant level while the level of fructose-1-6-biphophatase was augmented. Therapy with Qurs Tabasheer for 28 days to STZ-induced diabetic rats significantly reduces the level of serum glucose, total cholesterol, triglycerides, glucose-6-phosphatase and fructose-1-6-biphosphatase, while magnitude of HDL cholesterol and hexokinase was amplified. CONCLUSION: Antihyperglycemic, antihyperlipidemic activity of Qurs Tabasheer extract in STZ- induced wistar rats was found to be more effective than standard oral hypoglycemic drug Glimepiride.
Subject(s)
Blood Glucose/metabolism , Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental/drug therapy , Hypoglycemic Agents/therapeutic use , Hypolipidemic Agents/therapeutic use , Liver/drug effects , Phytotherapy , Plant Extracts/therapeutic use , Animals , Bambusa , Cholesterol/blood , Cholesterol, HDL/blood , Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental/blood , Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental/enzymology , Fructose-Bisphosphatase/blood , Glucose-6-Phosphatase/blood , Hexokinase/blood , Hypoglycemic Agents/pharmacology , Hypolipidemic Agents/pharmacology , Lactuca , Lipids/blood , Liver/enzymology , Lythraceae , Male , Medicine, Unani , Pancreas/drug effects , Plant Extracts/pharmacology , Portulaca , Rats , Rats, Wistar , Rosa , Triglycerides/bloodABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the antihyperglycemic activity of leaves of Hyptis suaveolens using streptozotocin model. METHODS: Hyptis suaveolens extract (HSE) 250 and 500 mg/kg body weight was administered orally to streptozotocin induced diabetes, once daily for 21 days. RESULTS: A significant reduction in blood glucose was observed in diabetic animals treated with HSE at different doses when compared with diabetic rats. Levels of triglyceride, total cholesterol, low density lipoprotein, very low density lipoprotein were decreased while administering HSE at different doses, compared with their control values in diabetic animals. CONCLUSIONS: Our results show that HSE possesses significant antihyperglycemic activity which might be attributed to stimulating effects on glucose utilization and antioxidant enzyme.
Subject(s)
Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental/drug therapy , Hypoglycemic Agents/administration & dosage , Hyptis/chemistry , Plant Extracts/administration & dosage , Animals , Blood Glucose/analysis , Cholesterol/blood , Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental/blood , Female , Humans , Male , Mice , Plant Leaves/chemistry , Rats , Rats, Sprague-Dawley , Streptozocin , Triglycerides/bloodABSTRACT
PURPOSE: In vitro antimicrobial activity and in vivo therapeutic efficacy of L. usitatissimum (linseed/flaxseed) fixed oil in bovine mastitis were investigated. METHOD: In vitro antimicrobial activity of L. usitatissimum fixed oil was evaluated against a number of microorganisms by disc diffusion method and MIC determination. The in vivo efficacy of the oil was evaluated in nine mastitis-affected cows divided into three groups (three in each group), following once-a-day intramammary infusion of oil, cefoperazone or an oil-cefoperazone combination for 7 days and by monitoring the California mastitis test score, somatic cell count and microbial count in milk samples. RESULTS: The in vitro antimicrobial activity of the oil against Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus agalactiae and Escherichia coli was comparable to that of cefoperazone while the antimicrobial activity against Enterococcus faecalis, Micrococcus luteus and Candida albicans, was greater than that of cefoperazone. In the in vivo study, the oil exhibited significant reduction in the California mastitis test score and somatic cell count in milk samples from infected udders following 7 days of intramammary administration suggesting its anti-inflammatory effect. The microbial count in milk samples was also reduced significantly following oil treatment. The effects were comparable to the treatment by cefoperazone (Mastiwock) alone or in combination with the oil. Apparently, the anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial properties of the oil contribute to its therapeutic efficacy in mastitis; the oil could be used as an alternative treatment for bovine mastitis CONCLUSION: The results suggest possible therapeutic potential of L. usitatissimum fixed oil in bovine mastitis.