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When this paper was first published, the authors’ affiliation
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Objective: The extraction process optimization method of chemometrics combined with information entropy weight was established and applied to the water extraction process optimization of Banxia Baizhu Tianma Decoction (BBTD), in order to fully ensure the effectiveness and quality consistency of classical prescription. Methods: Taking BBTD as the model drug, the fingerprint was established by HPLC method. The common peak area was analyzed by principal component analysis (PCA), the total factor score of PCA, the similarity of fingerprint and the yield of dry paste were used as evaluation indexes. L9(34) orthogonal design was used to investigate the effects of adding water, soaking time and boiling time on the extraction effect, and the Objective: weight of each index was determined by information entropy weighting method. The technological parameters of water extraction were optimized. Results: Twenty-six common peaks and seven compounds were identified by the similarity evaluation system of chromatographic fingerprints of traditional Chinese medicine. According to the results of comprehensive score, the optimum extraction process of the preparation was determined to be 12 times the amount of water, decoction twice, 1 hour each time. The average comprehensive score of the three batches of verification was 0.418 0 with RSD of 3.32%. Conclusion: The optimized process has high extraction rate, good stability and repeatability, and is suitable for the industrial production of BBTD.
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OBJECTIVE@#To observe the effects of electroacupuncture (EA) at "Jiaji" (EX-B 2) points combined with nerve mobilization on protein and mRNA expression of RhoA in rabbits with sciatic nerve injury, and to provide theoretical basis for the treatment of peripheral nerve injury by EA at "Jiaji" (EX-B 2) points combined with nerve mobilization.@*METHODS@#A total of 180 New Zealand rabbits were randomly divided into a normal control group, a model control group, a nerve mobilization group, an EA group, an EA plus nerve mobilization group, 36 rabbits in each group. Each group was further divided into a 1-week subgroup, 2-week subgroup and 4-week subgroup, 12 rabbits in each subgroup. The sciatic nerve injury model was made by clamping method. The rabbits in the normal control group did not receive any intervention. The rabbits in the model control group was normally fed after operation. The rabbits in the nerve mobilization group were treated with nerve mobilization; the manipulation lasted for 1 s and relaxed for 5 s, 10 times per day, 6 days per week. The rabbits in the EA group were treated with EA at "Jiaji" (EX-B 2) points (L-L), once a day, 30 min each time, 6 times per week. The rabbits in the EA plus nerve mobilization group were treated with EA at "Jiaji" (EX-B 2) points, followed by nerve mobilization. The function of sciatic nerve on the injured side was evaluated by toe tension reflex and modified Tarlov score; the tissues of corresponding segments of spinal cord L-L and sciatic nerve were taken; the expression of RhoA gene was detected by real-time PCR and the expression of RhoA protein was detected by Western Blot.@*RESULTS@#① Toe tension reflex and modified Tarlov score: at 1, 2 and 4 weeks, the scores in the model control group were lower than those in the normal control group (all 0.05); at 2 weeks, the expression in the nerve mobilization group was higher than that in the EA group (all <0.01); at 4 weeks, the expression in the nerve mobilization group was lower than that in the EA group (all <0.01).@*CONCLUSION@#The nerve mobilization and EA at "Jiaji" (EX-B 2) points could both promote the repair of injured sciatic nerve, which may be related to the down-regulation of RhoA expression, and the combination of the two methods has better effects.
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Animals , Rabbits , Acupuncture Points , Chlorophenols , Electroacupuncture , Peripheral Nerve Injuries , RNA, Messenger , Metabolism , Sciatic Nerve , Wounds and Injuries , rhoA GTP-Binding ProteinABSTRACT
' acupuncture and moxibustion physicians have a lot of talented people. Their academic theories promote the development of moxibustion theory. - used acupuncture and moxibustion together in clinic, and emphasized reinforcing and reducing method. Moxibustion was performed with unique matching acupoint according to different cases. proposed the theory "moxibustion can cure sores, and has reinforcing and reducing method"scars block the movement of and do not use moxibustion when there is no disease". - elaborated on the theory of moxibustion, which involved a wide range of ideas and advocated the idea of combining acupuncture with drugs. put forward the theory "moxibustion is mostly used at acupoints on the back, and can cure multiple syndromes" "focus on the use of miraculous acupoints for the treatment of emergency diseases" "moxibustion must be treated with enough moxibustion to cure the disease". - thonght that only by carefully identifying the types of diseases and using corresponding acupoints could have a very good curative effect; moxibustion had indications and contraindications, so be careful when used it; moxibustion was divided into and , also divided into reinforcing and reducing methods; sores were suitable for moxibustion and heat syndrome could also be used by moxibustion. He also believed that moxibustion was as important as acupuncture with the complementary relationship. Hence, the valuable significance of moxibustion in clinical practice is explored through the collection of the academic thoughts of -, , -, and -.
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Humans , Acupuncture Therapy , China , Moxibustion , PhysiciansABSTRACT
The Shenghua Decoction recorded in Fu Qing Zhu's Gynaecology,is a commonly used postpartum prescription,widely used in treating postpartum and gynecological diseases. However,its mechanism of action in treating lower abdominal pain remains unclear. In this paper,network pharmacology was used to explore the mechanism of Shenghua Decoction in the treatment of lower abdomen pain,so as to provide data support for better clinical application of Shenghua Decoction. The drug targets of lower abdominal pain and Shenghua Decoction were retrieved in SymMap. String and Cytoscape were adopted for enrichment analysis to construct the disease-drug-target biological network. Relevant gene search results showed that there were 400 targets in Shenghua Decoction,11 of which coincided with the disease genes of lower abdomen pain. In String analysis,18 gene interactions were obtained. Gene modularizationbased analysis results indicated that one module containing six genes was obtained after modularization processing. Furthermore,there were 170 enrichment results of biological process,2 enrichment results of molecular function and 30 enrichment results of KEGG pathways in String enrichment analysis. Shenghua Decoction may play a role in treating lower abdomen pain through neuro-endocrine-immune,metabolism and other means. Its mechanism may be achieved by accelerating the repair and growth of endometrial tissue cells,improving microcirculation,promoting endometrial cell renewal and inflammation subsidence,and accelerating uterine involution; at the same time,it can regulate the autoimmunity,regulate and control the function of some natural immune cells in the process of antiinfection by using signaling pathway,supplement the vital energy,and induce elimination of pathogens from the body,thereby achieving the effect of treating lower abdomen pain.
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Female , Humans , Abdominal Pain , Drug Therapy , Drugs, Chinese Herbal , Pharmacology , Gynecology , Signal TransductionABSTRACT
Objective: To study on the molecular mechanism of anti-platelet aggregation and anti-thrombosis of Sparganii Rhizoma. Method: Based on the data information and analysis functions of traditional Chinese medicine(TCM) database,TCM composition database and target database in TCM platform for integration of pharmacology,information of chemical compositions in Sparganii Rhizoma was retrieved,interaction network between potential targets of Sparganii Rhizoma and disease targets was built,and the key targets were enriched and calculated,the gene functions and pathways were analyzed,multidimensional relationship network of " herbal medicines-chemical components-key targets-key pathways" was built. Result: Active ingredients of Sparganii Rhizoma mainly included flavonoids and phenolic acids,such as mountain kaempferol,sanleng acid,linoleic acid,etc.Anti-thrombosis involved 202 key targets,including protein kinase Cδ(PRKCD),glucose kinase(GCK),(PRKAA2),adenosine ribonucleotide activated protein kinase α-2 catalytic subunit,etc;and it was related to the endocrine system,circulatory system,neurodegenerative diseases and other related biological processes and signal pathways.Anti-platelet aggregation involved 136 key targets,including PRKCD,cytochrome C oxidase protein 7C(COX7C),GCK,etc;and it was involved in Parkinson's disease,circulatory system,neurodegenerative diseases and other related biological processes and signal pathways. Conclusion: Sparganii Rhizoma regulates vascular endothelial cell adhesion molecule expression and platelet mitochondrial function mediated apoptosis of platelets mainly through regulating neurotransmitter activity in the central nervous system,in order to exert antithrombotic effect and anti-platelet aggregation effect.
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Objective: To identify the quality markers (Q-marker) for Baizhu Tianma Decoction from different batches based on multivariate statistical analysis. Methods: The fingerprint data of 18 batches of Banxia Baizhu Tianma Decoction were processed by the Similarity Evaluation System of Chromatographic Fingerprints of Traditional Chinese Medicine (2012A Edition). SPSS 20.0 was used for cluster analysis and principal component analysis (PCA). According to PCA results, cluster analysis was carried out to screen out the markers that might affect the quality difference of Banxia Baizhu Tianma Decoction and determine its content in the samples. Results: A total of 12 chromatographic peaks were selected as common peaks of fingerprint, and the similarity of 18 batches of samples was greater than 0.900, which indicated that each batch had good consistency. Eighteen batches of samples were clustered into three groups by cluster analysis. Five marker peaks were screened out from PCA results. Two of them were identified as gastrodin and naringin. The five marker peaks were further clustered and the results were basically the same as before. There was a certain correlation between the comprehensive score of principal components and the determination results of gastrodin and naringin in 18 batches of samples. Conclusion: Through multivariate statistical analysis, the Q-markers that may affect the difference of Banxia Baizhu Tianma Decoction were better identified, which can lay the foundation for the comprehensive quality control of Banxia Baizhu Tianma Decoction and its compound preparations, and provide reference for the further study of the correlation between the different components and pharmacodynamics of Banxia Baizhu Tianma Decoction.
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Objective To establish a combinative method based on HPLC fingerprint, multi-component assay, and pattern recognition for quality evaluation of Sparganii Rhizoma. Methods The similarity analyzed with “Similarity Evaluation System for Chromatographic Fingerprint of Chinese Materia Medica 2004A”, Nine kinds of components were identified by comparison with reference substances and their content in samples were determined and hierarchical clustering analysis (HCA) and principal component analysis (PCA) were performed by SPSS 20.0. Results There were 12 common peaks, and the similarity degrees of 12 batches of samples were more than 0.800, which showed that all the samples from different origins were of good consistency. Nine of them were identified as 5-hydroxymethylfurfural, vanillic acid, ferulic acid, p-hydroxybenzaldehyde, p-hydroxybenzoic acid, vanillin, protocatechuic acid, p-coumaric acid, and isoferulic acid; The samples were divided into four clusters by HCA. The result of PCA showed, the quality of samples could be evaluated basically. According to the composite score, the quality of Sparganii Rhizoma from different origins, Henan Xinxiang, Jiangsu Zhenjiang, Hebei Cangzhou, Hunan Yueyang, Zhejiang Jinhua, and Henan Zhengzhou were better than others. There was a correlation between the scores of the main components of the 12 batches of decoction pieces and the results of the content determination. Conclusion The method is simple, reproducible, and reliable, it can be used for quality control and evaluation of Sparganii Rhizoma from different origins.
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Objective:To explore the molecular mechanism of Banxia Baizhu Tianma Tang in treating hypertension. Method:Based on an internet-based computation platform for integrated pharmacology of traditional Chinese medicine(TCM),TCM prescription database,TCM database,TCM component database and disease/symptoms target database,information on the chemical compositions contained in TCM was retrieved,an interaction network between potential targets and disease targets of Banxia Baizhu Tianma Tang was built,then core target was enriched and calculated,gene function and pathway analysis was carried out,the multi-dimensional relationship network of "Chinese herbs-ingredients-critical targets-key pathways" of Banxia Baizhu Tianma Tang was further constructed. Result:A total of 90 active ingredients in Banxia Baizhu Tianma Tang were obtained,including alkaloids,nucleosides,flavonoids,saponins,organic acids and other ingredients;they involved 287 core targets,including 13 direct targets,such as adenylate cyclase,G protein coupled with β1 receptor,glucose kinase,etc;they also involved nervous system,endocrine system,circulatory system,estrogen signaling pathway,chemokine signaling pathway and other related biological processes and signaling pathways. Conclusion:Banxia Baizhu Tianma Tang can regulate neurotransmitter concentration and activity abnormalities,improve the protective effect of vascular endothelial cells by improving insulin resistance,regulating the production of inflammatory factors,and inhibiting inflammatory reactions,thereby exerting pharmacological effects on the treatment of hypertension.This study can provide a scientific basis for comprehensive interpretation of mechanism of Banxia Baizhu Tianma Tang.
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For releasing both drug and heat to selected sites, a combination of chemotherapy and photothermal therapy in one system is a more effective way to destroy cancer cells than monotherapy. Graphene oxide (GO) with high drug-loading efficiency and near-infrared (NIR) absorbance has great potential in drug delivery and photothermal therapy, but it is difficult to load drugs with high solubility. Herein, we develop a versatile drug delivery nanoplatform based on GO for integrated chemotherapy and photothermal therapy by a facile method of simultaneous reduction and surface functionalization of GO with poly(dopamine) (PDA). Due to the excellent adhesion of PDA, both low and high solubility drugs can be encapsulated in the PDA-functionalized GO nanocomposite (rGO-PDA). The fabricated nanocomposite exhibits good biocompatibility, excellent photothermal performance, high drug loading capacity, an outstanding sustained release property, and efficient endocytosis. Moreover, NIR laser irradiation facilitates the release of loaded drugs from rGO-PDA. These features make the rGO-PDA nanocomposite achieve excellent in vivo synergistic antitumor therapeutic efficacy.
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Drug Carriers , Graphite , Hyperthermia, Induced/methods , Indoles , Nanocomposites , Neoplasms/therapy , Phototherapy/methods , Polymers , Drug Carriers/chemistry , Drug Carriers/pharmacology , Graphite/chemistry , Graphite/pharmacology , HeLa Cells , Humans , Indoles/chemistry , Indoles/pharmacology , Nanocomposites/chemistry , Nanocomposites/therapeutic use , Neoplasms/metabolism , Neoplasms/pathology , Polymers/chemistry , Polymers/pharmacologyABSTRACT
Objective@#To investigate the effect of waist hot-compress with the Shirexiao (SRX) pad on the expressions of Th17/Treg-specific factors in the prostatic tissue of the mouse model of experimental autoimmune prostatitis (EAP) with damp heat syndrome, and explore its possible action mechanisms.@*METHODS@#Twenty healthy male mice were included as normal controls and another 100 chosen for establishing the model of EAP with damp heat syndrome by subcutaneous injection of purified prostate protein solution from the Wistar rat and Freund's complete adjuvant using the TCM method. The model mice were randomly divided into five groups: model control, matrix, and low-, medium- and high-dose SRX. After chemical removal of the hair at lumbar vertebrae 1－3, the animals of the low-, medium- and high-dose SRX groups were treated with the SRX pad heated to 45℃ and externally applied to the non-hair area, qd, bid, and tid, respectively, 10 minutes each time, those of the matrix group with the vaseline pad, and those of the normal and model control groups with the saline pad. After 4 weeks of continuous treatment, all the mice were sacrificed for determination of the protein and mRNA expressions of RORγt and Foxp3 in the prostate tissue by Western blot and quantitative real-time PCR.@*RESULTS@#The symptoms, signs and pathological changes of the EAP model mice were similar to the manifestations of chronic prostatitis. After intervention, the protein and mRNA expressions of Foxp3 were significantly down-regulated while those of RORγt markedly up-regulated in the EAP model group as compared with the normal control (P 0.05).@*CONCLUSIONS@#The Shirexiao waist hot-compress therapy plays a positive role in the treatment of autoimmune prostatitis with damp heat syndrome by reducing the expression of RORγt, inhibiting the differentiation of Th17 and thus checking the differentiation imbalance of Th17/Treg.
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Animals , Humans , Male , Mice , Rats , Adjuvants, Immunologic , Compression Bandages , Disease Models, Animal , Drugs, Chinese Herbal , Forkhead Transcription Factors , Metabolism , Freund's Adjuvant , Hair Removal , Hot Temperature , Nuclear Receptor Subfamily 1, Group F, Member 3 , Metabolism , Prostatitis , Metabolism , RNA, Messenger , Metabolism , Random Allocation , Rats, Wistar , T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory , Metabolism , Th17 Cells , Metabolism , Up-RegulationABSTRACT
Using Best's (1995) perceptual assimilation model (PAM), we investigated auditory-visual (AV), auditory-only (AO), and visual-only (VO) perception of Thai tones. Mandarin and Cantonese (tone-language) speakers were asked to categorize Thai tones according to their own native tone categories, and Australian English (non-tone-language) speakers to categorize Thai tones into their native intonation categories-for instance, question or statement. As comparisons, Thai participants completed a straightforward identification task, and another Australian English group identified the Thai tones using simple symbols. All of the groups also completed an AX discrimination task. Both the Mandarin and Cantonese groups categorized AO and AV Thai falling tones as their native level tones, and Thai rising tones as their native rising tones, although the Mandarin participants found it easier to categorize Thai level tones than did the Cantonese participants. VO information led to very poor categorization for all groups, and AO and AV information also led to very poor categorizations for the English intonation categorization group. PAM's predictions regarding tone discriminability based on these category assimilation patterns were borne out for the Mandarin group's AO and AV discriminations, providing support for the applicability of the PAM to lexical tones. For the Cantonese group, however, PAM was unable to account for one specific discrimination pattern-namely, their relatively good performance on the Thai high-rising contrast in the auditory conditions-and no predictions could be derived for the English groups. A full account of tone assimilation will likely need to incorporate considerations of phonetic, and even acoustic, similarity and overlap between nonnative and native tone categories.
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Language , Mental Processes/physiology , Visual Perception/physiology , Acoustic Stimulation , Adult , Auditory Perception/physiology , Cues , Discrimination, Psychological/physiology , Female , Humans , Male , Models, Psychological , Phonetics , Photic Stimulation , Psychomotor Performance/physiology , Speech Perception/physiologyABSTRACT
Breast cancer (BC) is the most common cancer of women worldwide. Over the past 20 years, the incidence and mortality rates of BC have increased and have ranked the first place of the female cancer in our country. In the theory of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), etiology and pathogenesis of BC have long been recognized. Base on these basic theories, TCM physicians have developed their typical opinions on BC treatment. Liver depression has been considered as the key point and the main syndrome type in BC syndrome differentiation. It showed the impor-tance of liver depression syndrome in breast cancer and provided ideas for clinical treatment. With the development of modern science, several experimental and clinical studies have found that liver depression syndrome is closely related to BC. Further study on liver depression syndrome in BC procession may not only helpful to screen high-risk BC groups and improve the early diagnosis rate but also helpful to find new drug targets.
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AIM@#To study the chemical constituents from the roots of Buleurum bicaule Helm (Apiaceae).@*METHOD@#Silica gel, Sephadex LH-20, MPLC Rp-C18 column chromatography, and HPLC were used for isolation of compounds. The structures were elucidated on the basis of 1D- and 2D-NMR technology and HRESI-MS. Compounds were evaluated in vitro for their inhibitory ability against the proliferation of rat mesangial cells by the MTT method.@*RESULTS@#Twelve compounds were isolated, and their structures were identified on the basis of their spectroscopic and physico-chemical properties as 13, 28-epoxy-olean-11-en-3-one (1), saikogenin E (2), saikogenin G (3), 11α-methoxy-3β, 16β, 23, 28-tetrahydroxyolean-12-ene (4), saikogenin D (5), prosaikogenin F (6), prosaikogenin A (7), prosaikogenin G (8), prosaikogenin D (9), laccaic acid (10b), methyl gallate (11), and ethyl gallate (12). Compounds 1, 2, 7, 8, and 10 were observed to have inhibitory activity against mesangial cell proliferationin to different degrees.@*CONCLUSION@#Compound 1, 8, and 10 exhibit significant inhibitory effects on rat mesangial cell proliferation induced by Ang II.
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Animals , Rats , Bupleurum , Chemistry , Cell Line , Cell Proliferation , Drugs, Chinese Herbal , Chemistry , Pharmacology , Molecular Structure , Plant Roots , Chemistry , Triterpenes , Chemistry , PharmacologyABSTRACT
Reversed phase high performance liquid chromatography with diode array detector was employed for simultaneous determination of six components and specific chromatograms analysis in Liuwei Wuling tablets with gradient elution of acetonitrile and water containing 0.1% phosphoric acid as mobile phase. The results showed that six components containing specnuezhenide, phillyrin, schisandrin, schisantherin A, schizandrin A and schizandrin B were separated well under the analytical condition. The average recoveries ranged from 98.96% to 100.5% with RSD less than 2. 0%. Twenty-five common peaks were selected as the specific chromatograms of Liuwei Wuling tablets with schisantherin A as the reference peak. Similarities calculated by cosine of angle, correlation coefficient and peak area ratio similarity (PAR) were all above 0. 95, indicating a good similarity between the reference and twenty batches of samples. Grubbs test and cluster analysis indicated that the established HPLC fingerprints and HPLC quantitative analysis can be used efficiently in the quality control of Liuwei Wuling tablets.
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Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid , Methods , Drugs, Chinese Herbal , Chemistry , Quality Control , Tablets , ChemistryABSTRACT
<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To study the chemical constituents from Cibotium batometz.</p><p><b>METHOD</b>Column chromatograph and HPLC were used to isolate and purify the compound, and the structure was elucidated on the basis of MS and NMR spectroscopic methods.</p><p><b>RESULT</b>A new phenolic compound, 4-O-caffeoyl-D-glucopyranose, has been isolated from the rhizome of C. barometz. The structure of the new compound was elucidated on the basis of chemical and spectroscopic methods, including intensive 1D, 2D NMR and ESI-MS data analysis.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>4-O-caffeoyl-D-glucopyranose was a new phenolic compound.</p>
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Drugs, Chinese Herbal , Chemistry , Therapeutic Uses , Ferns , Chemistry , Hydrolysis , Osteoporosis , Drug Therapy , Rhizome , Chemistry , Tannins , Chemistry , Therapeutic UsesABSTRACT
<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the chemical variation and its mechanism in processing of Cibotium barometz.</p><p><b>METHOD</b>The methods of TLC and HPLC were carried out to identify the chemical variation in processing of C. barometz, and the compounds changed significantly were isolated by chromatography.</p><p><b>RESULT</b>Chemical components were changed significantly in processing of C. barometz.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Maillard reaction is involved in the process of rhizome C. barometz, which may be contributed to the activity between raw and processed C. barometz.</p>
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Amino Acids , Chemistry , Drugs, Chinese Herbal , Chemistry , Ferns , Chemistry , Hydrogen-Ion Concentration , Plants, Medicinal , Chemistry , Technology, Pharmaceutical , Temperature , Time FactorsABSTRACT
<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the therapeutic mechanism of rhubarb in protecting the intestinal muco-membranous barrier in the mice.</p><p><b>METHOD</b>Bal b/c mice were divided into 2 groups, gavaged with normal saline and 10% rhubarb decoction, respectively. The animals were killed after 24 hours after the treatments. The intestinal juice was collected after intestinal lavage and centrifuged for determination of IgA, total protein, C3, high density lipoprotein, type II PLA2 activity, and content of lysozyme. At the same time, 40 mg of small intestine were incised in each mouse. Reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and gel image analysis were performed to detect the content of the cryptdin gene expression.</p><p><b>RESULT</b>The content of IgA, total protein, the C3, lysozyme, and the type II PLA2 activity in intestinal lavaged juice exhibited the statistical differences between the two groups (P < 0.05). There were no significant difference in the ontents of HDL, cryptdin-1 and cryptdin-4 gene expression between the two groups (P > 0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Rhubarb could increase secretion of several immune associated substances of the mucous membrane in normal intestine, indicating a possibility to abate the injury of intestine mucus resulted from severe stress induced by trauma, burn and shock. Through above mechanisms Rhubarb may also reduce the incidence of bacterial translocation and systemic inflammatory reaction syndrome (SIRS).</p>
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Animals , Mice , Complement C3 , Metabolism , Drugs, Chinese Herbal , Pharmacology , Group II Phospholipases A2 , Immunoglobulin A , Metabolism , Intestinal Mucosa , Metabolism , Intestinal Secretions , Metabolism , Intestine, Small , Metabolism , Mice, Inbred BALB C , Muramidase , Metabolism , Phospholipases A , Metabolism , Phospholipases A2 , Plants, Medicinal , Chemistry , Proteins , Metabolism , Rheum , ChemistryABSTRACT
Plasmid vector is increasingly applied to gene therapy or gene vaccine. The production of plasmid pCMV-AP3 for cancer gene therapy was conducted in a modified MBL medium using a recombinant E. coli BL21 system. The effects of different MMBL components on plasmid yield, cell mass and specific plasmid DNA productivity were evaluated on shake-flask scale. The results showed that glucose was the optimal carbon source. High plasmid yield (58.3 mg/L) was obtained when 5.0 g/L glucose was added to MMBL. Glycerol could be chosen as a complementary carbon source because of the highest specific plasmid productivity (37.9 mg DNA/g DCW). After tests of different levels of nitrogen source and inorganic phosphate, a modified MMBL medium was formulated for optimal plasmid production. Further study showed that the initial acetate addition (less than 4.0 g/L) in MMBL improved plasmid production significantly, although it inhibited cell growth. The results will be useful for large-scale plasmid production using recombinant E. coli system.