[Cardiovascular effects of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids: position of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids in Russian and international guidelines. Council of Experts].

This Expert Council focuses on the meta-analysis of studies on the risk of atrial fibrillation (AF) in patients taking omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) and of data on the omega-3 PUFA treatment in patients with cardiovascular and kidney diseases.The major statements of the Expert Council: the meta-analysis of AF risk in patients taking omega-3 PUFA showed an increased risk of this arrhythmia. However, it should be taken into account that the risk of complications was low, and there was no significant increase in the risk of AF when omega-3 PUFA was used at a dose of ≤1 g and a standard dose of the only omega-3 PUFA drug registered in the Russian Federation, considering all AF episodes in the ASCEND study.At the present time, according to Russian and international clinical guidelines, the use of omega-3 PUFA can be considered in the following cases: • for patients with chronic heart failure (CHF) with reduced left ventricular ejection fraction as a supplement to the basic therapy (2B class of recommendations according to the 2020 Russian Society of Cardiology guidelines (RSC) and the 2022 AHA / ACC / HFSA guidelines); • for patients with hypertriglyceridemia (>1.5 mmol/l) as a part of combination therapy (IIb class of recommendations and B level of evidence according to the 2021 European guidelines on cardiovascular disease prevention, etc.); • for adult patients with stage 3-4 chronic kidney disease (CKD), long-chain omega-3 PUFA 2 g/day is recommended for reducing the level of triglycerides (2C class of recommendations). Data on the use of omega-3 PUFA for other indications are heterogenous, which can be partially explained by using different form and doses of the drugs.

[Rosuvastatin in Coronary Bypass Surgery: Whether Only Secondary Prevention?]

BACKGROUND AND AIM: The increasing number of coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) is associated with a need for active introduction of methods improving immediate and long-term results of these interventions. Results of a number of studies conducted during recent years allow to consider high dose statin therapy one of such methods. In this article we present results of rosuvastatin administration to patients with ischemic heart disease (IHD) prior to surgery. METHODS: Rosuvastatin (40 mg/day) was given for 4 weeks before CABG to patients who had previously taken simvastatin (20 mg/day). RESULTS: This regimen was assocaed with reduction of desquamation of endothelium of the intima, reduction of the number of smooth muscle cells in the media, as well as the proliferation index according to the immunohistochemical analysis in sections of the great saphenous vein selected for the coronary anastomosis. CONCLUSION: It is assumed that the antiproliferative effects of high-dose rosuvastatin therapy may have a positive impact in relation to the viability of a remote arterio-venous grafts.

[Change in the composition of a bacterial association degrading aromatic compounds during oil sludge detoxification in a continuous-flow microbial reactor].

Analysis of oil sludge by direct plating and enrichment cultivation revealed 16 strains degrading aromatic compounds. After 30 days of cultivation in a continuous-flow microbial reactor, 17 more degrader strains were isolated. Genotyping of these strains showed that they were taxonomically diverse, and the range of strains degrading naphthalene, benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, and xylenes depended on isolation methods. Direct plating yielded more aromatic degraders than enrichment cultivation. A microbial association different from that existing before the enrichment cultivation was obtained in the laboratory continuous-flow reactor.

[The correction of prostatic hemodynamics in chronic prostatitis]. / Korrektsiia organnoi gemodinamiki predstatel'noi zhelezy pri khronicheskom prostatite.

Prostatic rheography findings evidence for marked disturbances of venous outflow in patients with chronic prostatitis. To correct the hemodynamics, rectal magnitotherapy was used in two regimens: with constant frequency of the magnetic field (5000 Hz) and fluctuating magnetic field (1-20000 Hz). The comparison of the results gave priority to the latter regimen because it provided reduction of the treatment duration and normalization of rheographic parameters in 37 (90.2%) patients. The authors recommend rectal magnitotherapy for combined treatment of chronic prostatitis.

[The effect of naloxone on rhythm disorders and on the conduction system of the heart]. / Vliianie naloksona na narusheniia ritma i provodiashchuiu sistemu serdtsa.

In experimental arrhythmias induced in rabbits by strophanthin, epinephrine, and calcium chloride the high antiarrhythmic efficacy of Naloxone was proved. No antiarrhythmic activity of Naloxone was observed in aconitine models. The intravenous administration of Naloxone to normal adults (0.4 - 0.8 mg) increased the sinus cycle length, sinus node recovery time (SNRT), CSNRT, and sinoatrial conduction time.

[Evaluation of the analgesic action of clofelin in cardiogenic pain (clinico-experimental research)]. / Otsenka boleutoliaiushchego deistviia klofelina pri kardiogennoi boli (kliniko-éksperimental'noe issledovanie).

In chronic experiments on conscious rats analgesic and autonomic-corrective effects of clopheline in cardiogenic pain were demonstrated. The drug was also shown to decrease emotional and motor manifestations and to stabilize central hemodynamics in patients with acute myocardial infarction.

[Effect of various periods of starvation on the character of exhibited changes of energy metabolism in the rat liver during the administration of phenobarbitol and corn oil]. / Vliianie razlichnykh srokov golodaniia na kharakter nabliudaemykh izmenenii énergeticheskogo obmena v pecheni krys pri vvedenii fenobarbitala i masla.

Alterations in content of long-chain acyl-CoA and value of phosphate potential (PP) were studied in liver tissue after administration of phenobarbital and corn oil into rats, starved within 4 hrs and 12 hrs before the experiment. As compared with the 4 hrs period, starvation within 12 hrs caused an accumulation of acyl-CoA and a decrease in PP (ATP/ADP X Pi) in liver tissue. The same alterations in the patterns studied were found after administration of corn oil. However, the 12 hrs starvation amplified distinctly the effect of oil administration on the content of acyl-CoA and on the PP value. Phenobarbital, administered simultaneously with the oil, removed completely the effect of corn oil on the patterns studied during the both periods of starvation, but it caused only slight influence on the starvation induced alterations in acyl-CoA and PP. The data obtained suggest that within the two periods of starvation studied it has been possible to differentiate the unspecific effects of starvation and the alterations induced by specific agents.

[The state of energy metabolism and lipid distribution in the livers of rats treated with phenobarbital and oil]. / Sostoianie énergeticheskogo metabolizma i raspredelenie lipidov v pecheni krys pri vvedenii fenobarbitala i masla.

The relationship between the energy state of adenine nucleotides, mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation, contents of long-chain acyl-CoAs in the liver and glycerolipid synthesis have been studied under different states of lipid metabolism. The "high fat" state which has been induced by intraperitoneal injections of corn oil was characterized by an increased level of the acyl-CoAs, inhibition of oxidative phosphorylation at the level of the adenine nucleotide carrier and by decreased phosphate potential values. An injection of phenobarbital alone produced only a weak effect on the acyl-CoA content in the liver or on the energy state of adenine nucleotides. However, when injected together with oil, phenobarbital abolished all the effects caused by oil injections. Studies on lipid distribution have demonstrated that in all the three metabolic models the synthesis of glycerolipids is enhanced, but the mechanisms of this increase are different. The role of long-chain acyl-CoAs in the integration of energy and lipid metabolism is discussed.