ABSTRACT
AIM: To investigate gene expression changes in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) following an n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) and n-3 PUFA plus fish gelatin (+FG) supplementation. METHODS: A transcriptome comparison of 8-week supplementation with n-3 PUFA and n-3 PUFA+FG was carried out in PBMCs of 16 obese insulin-resistant subjects. RESULTS: Erythrocyte n-3 PUFA concentration increased and plasma triglycerides decreased significantly without altering inflammatory parameters after both supplementations. n-3 PUFA supplementation changed the expression of 805 genes, whereas n-3 PUFA+FG supplementation altered the expression of 184 genes. Three genes were commonly changed: fatty acid desaturase 1, free fatty acid receptor 3, and ectodysplasin. Pathway analyses indicate changes in gene expression via the nuclear receptor peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α pathway after both supplementations. Further, the extent of modifications in the expression of genes implicated in the inflammatory pathways - the oxidative stress response mediated by nuclear factor (erythroid-derived 2)-like 2, nuclear transcription factor κB, oxidative stress, and hypoxia-inducible factor signaling - was different after each supplementation. CONCLUSION: Although n-3 PUFA and n-3 PUFA+FG supplementations have a distinct impact on gene expression levels, the consequences on biochemical parameters and metabolic pathways were comparable after both supplementations.
Subject(s)
Fatty Acids, Omega-3/administration & dosage , Fish Oils/administration & dosage , Gene Expression/drug effects , Insulin Resistance/genetics , Leukocytes, Mononuclear/drug effects , Obesity/genetics , Adult , Aged , Algorithms , Dietary Supplements , Drug Combinations , Fatty Acids, Omega-3/pharmacology , Female , Fish Oils/pharmacology , Gelatin , Gene Expression Profiling , Humans , Insulin Resistance/physiology , Leukocytes, Mononuclear/metabolism , Leukocytes, Mononuclear/pathology , Male , Microarray Analysis , Middle Aged , Obesity/blood , Obesity/metabolismABSTRACT
Transcriptional profiles of uropathogenic Escherichia coli CFT073 exposed to cranberry-derived proanthocyanidins (PACs) were determined. Our results indicate that bacteria grown on media supplemented with PACs were iron deprived. To our knowledge, this is the first time that PACs have been shown to induce a state of iron limitation in this bacterium.