[Intakes and sources of fat and fatty acids among pregnant women in Chengdu in 2017: a longitudinal study].

OBJECTIVE: To analyze the intake of fat and fatty acids and their food sources of pregnant women in Chengdu. METHODS: Participants were from a cohort study in 2017, which was conducted among 1652 healthy singleton pregnant women within 6-14 weeks of gestation in a maternity out-patient clinic of maternal-and-child health care institution in Chengdu, Sichuan Province. Data on maternal demographic characteristics was collected by questionnaire. In three trimesters, 3-day 24-hour dietary recall method was applied to collect dietary intakes data, with the information of docosahexaenoic acid(DHA) supplement intake being collected by questionnaire. The intakes and sources of daily fat and fatty acids in three trimesters were calculated using the National Nutrient Database of USDA and China Food Composition Tables(6th edition). The intake levels of fat and fatty acids were evaluated according to 2013 Chinese Dietary Reference Intakes. RESULTS: The study showed that the intakes of total fat and fatty acids increased during pregnancy. The mean intake of total daily fat was 64.8 g/d, 81.2 g/d, 88.5 g/d in three trimesters, respectively. The proportion of energy from total fat >30%E during three trimesters were 67.7%, 77.6%, 82.9%, respectively. The proportions of energy from saturated fatty acids(SFA) were 7.9%E, 8.9%E, 9.7%E, and those higher than 10%E were 20.9%, 31.9%, 44.7% in three trimesters, respectively. The proportions of energy from monounsaturated fatty acids(MUFA) were 12.9%E, 13.5%E, 14.2%E, and the proportions of energy from polyunsaturated fatty acids(PUFA) were 8.5%E, 8.4%E, 8.8%E in three trimesters, respectively. The proportion of DHA intake meeting recommendation(200 mg/d) in three trimesters were 3.6%, 21.7%, 21.1%, respectively. The radio of SFA, MUFA and PUFA(S∶M∶P) was 1∶1.6∶1.1 in the early trimester, and S∶M∶P was 1∶1.5∶1 in the second trimester and third trimester. Total fat and MUFA mainly came from edible oil and meat, and PUFA mainly came from edible oil and nuts. SFA mainly came from meat and milk, and the contribution of milk to SFA increased during pregnancy. CONCLUSION: The excessive intakes of total fat and SFA and the inadequate intake of DHA among pregnant women in Chengdu deserve attention.

[Influencing factors of insufficient and excessive folate intake in early pregnancy in Chengdu in 2017].

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the folate intake level of early pregnant women and its influencing factors in Chengdu. METHODS: The healthy singleton pregnant women with 8-14 weeks of pregnancy in an obstetrical clinic of maternal-and-child health care institution in Chengdu in 2017 were selected as the object of the study. The basic information of pregnant women was collected by questionnaire survey, and the dietary intake of all kinds of food in early pregnancy was collected by 3-day 24-hour dietary recall method, and the average daily intake of folate was calculated according to China Food Composition(2018). A self-designed questionnaire was used to collect the use of folic acid supplements in pregnant women in the past one month, and the average daily intake of folic acid supplements was calculated. According to the Chinese Dietary Reference Intakes(2013), the folate intake <600 µg DFE/d was defined as insufficient, and folic acid supplements intake ≥1000 µg/d was defined as excessive. The influencing factors of folate intake were analyzed by binary Logistic regression model. RESULTS: A total of 1579 valid samples were included. The average folate intake of early pregnant women in Chengdu was 865.8(778.6, 1461.0) µg DFE/d, the average dietary folate intake was 145.4(101.9, 200.7) µg/d, and the average folic acid supplements intake was 400.0(400.0, 800.0) µg/d. The rate of insufficient intake of folate in early pregnancy was 12.1%, and the rate of excessive intake of folic acid supplements was 13.0%. Compared with the primiparous group, the risk of insufficient folate intake was higher in the multiparous group(OR=1.708, 95%CI 1.175-2.482). Compared with the low income group, risk of insufficient folate intake in the medium and high income group was lower(OR=0.660, 95%CI 0.477-0.913); taking folic acid supplements before pregnancy has a lower risk of overdose of folic acid than the non-taking group(OR=0.594, 95%CI 0.423-0.835). CONCLUSION: The phenomenon of insufficient intake of total folate and excessive intake of folic acid supplements coexists among women in early pregnancy in Chengdu, and the rational use of folic acid supplements is worthy of attention.