ABSTRACT
Lithium tetraborate (Li2B4O7) nanoparticles (NPs) doped with manganese (Mn) were prepared for the first time by the solid-state sintering method. NPs were characterized using X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, photoluminescence and thermoluminescence (TL) techniques. The synthesized NPs exhibited highest TL response at 0.3 wt% of Mn dopant under gamma irradiation. TL dose response is linear for the absorbed dose from 1 Gy to 20 kGy and beyond this range behaves sub-linear. Such feature makes the synthesized nanophosphor as a promising material for high-dose dosimetry applications. Low fading and good reusability were obtained for the synthesized NPs. Tm-Tstop and computerized glow curve deconvolution procedures were utilized to identify the component TL glow peaks and kinetic parameters of the produced phosphor. Other TL dosimetry features of the prepared NPs are also presented and discussed.
Subject(s)
Borates/chemistry , Borates/radiation effects , Manganese/chemistry , Manganese/radiation effects , Nanoparticles/chemistry , Nanoparticles/radiation effects , Isotope Labeling/methods , Materials Testing , Microscopy, Electron, Scanning , Thermoluminescent Dosimetry , X-Ray DiffractionABSTRACT
This study was carried out to evaluate the effects of dietary essential oils of ginger (Zingiber officinale), black seed (Nigella sativa) and cone flower (Echinacea angustifolia) on the immune system of cultured rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss. A total of 360 fish were divided into 4 groups and 3 replicates each containing 30 fish. The fish were fed for 21 days with 1% of the herbal essential oils and with unsupplemented diet as the control group. Haematological and immune parameters including serum lysozyme, number of phagocytic bacteria, Hb, PCV, MCV, MCH, MCHC, number of RBC and WBC were studied. Treatments recorded enhancement in immune parameters compared to the control group. Significantly higher serum lysozyme level and phagocytic germs were detected in the groups fed black seed, ginger and cone flower (P<0.05). However, no significant difference was found in RBC, Hb, PCV, MCV, MCH and MCHC of fish fed the diets containing essential oils and the control group (P>0.05). The results of this study demonstrated that essential oils might strengthen the non-specific immunity of rainbow trout.(AU)
Avaliou-se a eficácia de uma dieta com semente preta (Nigella sativa), gengibre (Zingiber officinale) e Flor-de-cone (Echinacea angustifolia) sobre o sistema imunológico de truta arco-íris (Oncorhynchus mykiss) em cultivo. Um total de 360 peixes foram divididos em 4 grupos com 3 repetições cada, contendo 30 peixes. Os peixes foram alimentados por 21 dias com 1% de óleo essencial herbáceo e com dieta comercial não suplementada como controle. Parâmetros imunes e hematológicos incluindo soro lisozima, número de bactéria fagocítica, Hb, PCV, MCV, MCH, MCHC, número de RBC e WBC foram estudados. Os tratamentos registraram a melhoria em parâmetros imunes comparados ao grupo de controle. Foram detectadas concentrações de lisozima no soro e germes fagocíticos significativamente altos em grupos que receberam semente preta, gengibre e Flor-de-cone (P<0.05). Porém, não foi encontrada diferença significativa em RBC, Hb, PCV, MCV, MCH e MCHC nos peixes alimentados com dietas contendo óleos essenciais e no grupo de controle (P>0.05). Os resultados deste estudo demonstraram que óleos essenciais podem aumentar a imunidade não específica da truta arco-íris.(AU)
Subject(s)
/administration & dosage , Nigella sativa/adverse effects , Zingiber officinale/immunology , Nigella sativa/immunologyABSTRACT
AIM: Previous studies have indicated that exercise-induced muscle damage might be attenuated by coingestion of protein and carbohydrate supplement. The purpose of this study was to compare the effect of three various ratios of carbohydrate-protein (CHO+PRO) supplements on resistance exercise-induced muscle damage indices. METHODS: Twenty-eight untrained male students voluntarily participated in this study and were randomly assigned to one of the four groups: 1) CHO+PRO 2:1 ratio, N.=7; 2) CHO+PRO 3:1 ratio, N.=8; 3) CHO+PRO 4:1 ratio, N.=7; 4) placebo group, N.=6. They performed a single bout of resistance exercise (whole body: 3 set×8-10 reps with 70-75% 1RM), with eccentric concentration. Every group consumed prepared CHO/PRO beverages (9% concentration, 10 mL/kg/bw-1 at different ratios) or the same amount of placebo beverage before and in 15 min intervals during exercise. Blood samples were taken before the exercise bout and also at 1 and 24 h post-exercise. In addition, muscle soreness scores were recorded before and 1, 24, and 48 h postexercise. Repeated measures ANOVA (between-within design) and Bonferroni post hoc test were used to analyze dependent measures (α=0.05). RESULTS: Serum creatine kinase (CK) and myoglobin (Mb) increased in all groups compared with pre-exercise but the significant difference among groups was observed in 24 h postexercise, in a way that both CK and Mb levels were higher in placebo group. Muscle soreness increased for all groups from pre to postexercise, but there was not any significant difference among groups at any time point. CONCLUSION: Findings of this study showed that CHO+PRO decreased serum CK and Mb at 24 h post exercise, but did not affect muscle soreness at any time points after exercise. Moreover, there were no significant differences between various ratios of CHO-PRO supplementation.