ABSTRACT
Sneathia sanguinegens is an infrequent bacterium in clinical specimens. We describe a case of right elbow septic arthritis due to a Sneathia species most closely related to S. sanguinegens in a young immunocompetent woman. S. sanguinegens has never been implicated in osteoarticular infections.
Subject(s)
Anti-Bacterial Agents/therapeutic use , Arthritis, Infectious/microbiology , Clindamycin/therapeutic use , Elbow/microbiology , Fusobacteria/isolation & purification , Gram-Negative Bacterial Infections/microbiology , Arthritis, Infectious/drug therapy , Base Sequence , DNA, Bacterial/chemistry , DNA, Bacterial/genetics , Female , Fusobacteria/genetics , Gram-Negative Bacterial Infections/drug therapy , Humans , Microbial Sensitivity Tests , Molecular Sequence Data , Phylogeny , Polymerase Chain Reaction , RNA, Ribosomal, 16S/chemistry , RNA, Ribosomal, 16S/genetics , Sequence Analysis, DNA , Young AdultSubject(s)
Bacterial Infections/drug therapy , Ofloxacin/therapeutic use , Administration, Oral , Adolescent , Adult , Aged , Anti-Bacterial Agents/administration & dosage , Anti-Bacterial Agents/blood , Anti-Bacterial Agents/therapeutic use , Clinical Trials as Topic , Drug Administration Schedule , Female , Humans , Male , Microbial Sensitivity Tests , Middle Aged , Ofloxacin/administration & dosage , Ofloxacin/blood , Severity of Illness Index , Treatment OutcomeABSTRACT
Teicoplanin was evaluated in 25 severe infections caused by Gram-positive bacteria alone [13], in combination [9], alone then in combination [3], in an open study. Of 22 infections that could be evaluated, there were 18 cures and improvements (81.8%), 2 recurrence and 2 failures. Serum concentrations are unpredictable and steady after 5 days i.v. teicoplanin. Trough and peak concentrations are respectively less than 5 mg/l and less than 20 mg/l in 13 infections and higher in 9, unrelated with success or failure. A trough concentration greater than CMI and kind of infection seem deciding. The choice of the antibiotic combined with teicoplanin warrant more data.
Subject(s)
Anti-Bacterial Agents/therapeutic use , Pneumococcal Infections/drug therapy , Sepsis/drug therapy , Staphylococcal Infections/drug therapy , Streptococcal Infections/drug therapy , Adolescent , Adult , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Drug Evaluation , Enterococcus faecalis/drug effects , Female , Glycopeptides/blood , Glycopeptides/pharmacology , Glycopeptides/therapeutic use , Humans , Male , Microbial Sensitivity Tests , Middle Aged , Staphylococcus epidermidis/drug effects , Streptococcus pneumoniae/drug effects , TeicoplaninABSTRACT
Although Listeria is a rather susceptible bacterium, most antibiotics exert a bacteriostatic effect on Listeria monocytogenes. Except for fosfomycin, antibiotic susceptibilities are similar among the species of the genus Listeria. In vitro, bactericidal effect is often achieved by the use of antibiotic combinations. The most commonly used combinations are ampicillin with aminoglycosides. Up until now, there has been no trend towards reduced susceptibility of Listeria to antibiotics.
Subject(s)
Anti-Bacterial Agents/therapeutic use , Listeria/drug effects , Listeriosis/drug therapy , Anti-Bacterial Agents/administration & dosage , Anti-Bacterial Agents/pharmacology , Drug Combinations , Drug Resistance, Microbial , Humans , Microbial Sensitivity Tests , Time FactorsABSTRACT
Radiation effects are mediated in part by the generation of oxygen-derived free radicals and hydrogen peroxide. Membrane polyunsaturated fatty acids are important biological targets of these toxic molecules which cause lipid peroxidation. Radiation damage to DNA is also known to result in base hydroperoxides, especially thymidine hydroperoxide. Glutathione (GSH) is known to inhibit lipid peroxidation both chemically and through its interaction with the selenium-dependent glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px). Although cytosolic GSH-Px can metabolize organic lipid peroxides in solution, it cannot metabolize phospholipid peroxides in micelles. This may be due to the interference of phase differences between the aqueous cytosol and the membrane, or the result of steric hindrance. Recent studies have suggested the presence of a membrane-bound GSH-dependent peroxidase system. We examined the cytosolic versus membrane-associated GSH-Px, in various tissues of mice on a selenium and vitamin E deficient diet, and found significant differences among organs in the distribution of enzyme activity in these two subcellular fractions. The effect of single high-dose whole body irradiation did not appear to be related to the activity of these enzymes.
Subject(s)
Radiation Injuries/enzymology , Selenium/deficiency , Vitamin E Deficiency/enzymology , Animals , Bone Marrow/enzymology , Bone Marrow/radiation effects , Catalase/metabolism , Cytosol/enzymology , Diet , Glutathione Peroxidase/physiology , Glutathione Transferase/metabolism , Hematopoietic Stem Cells/radiation effects , Intestinal Mucosa/enzymology , Intestinal Mucosa/radiation effects , Jejunum/radiation effects , Liver/enzymology , Male , Mice , Spleen/radiation effects , Subcellular Fractions/enzymology , Whole-Body IrradiationABSTRACT
In the last decade medical microbiologists could make use of a great number of techniques that allow to shorten length of time of report from the arrival of specimens in laboratory. The direct microscopical examination has been considerably revalued: it is very important. Now it can be completed by use of reagents that allow the presumptive identification of various bacteria. For Hemophilus influenzae the efforts are devoted only to serovar b. In the absence of visible bacteria, the research of the presence of bacterial antigen is now possible. The semiautomatic apparatus allows also to watch over the cultures and to detect the beginning of development more accurately than macroscopically. Finally, for antibiotic sensitivity test, we can also use the automatic apparatus that shortens length of time of report to clinician.