ABSTRACT
In recent years, many studies have been conducted on the production of edible films from emerging gums, which are mostly made from botanical sources. However, each one interacts differently with the film compounds, producing films with different properties that may improve or hinder their utilization in food packaging. Therefore, the aim of this review was to investigate and compare the physical, mechanical, thermal and structural properties of edible films produced with these emerging gums. The results of this review showed that it is possible to produce edible films with desirable physical, mechanical and thermal properties by optimizing the amounts and type of compounds in film formulations such as plasticizers, nanoparticles, lipid compounds, crosslinkers and combination of gums with other biopolymers. The future trends of this research include the deepening of knowledge to understand the molecular structures of emerging gums and to address the shortcomings of films based on these gums for their industrial-scale application in food packaging.
Subject(s)
Biopolymers/chemistry , Colloids/chemistry , Edible Films , Plant Gums/chemistry , Polysaccharides/chemistry , Calorimetry, Differential Scanning , Food Industry , Food Packaging , Food Preservation , Lipids/chemistry , Molecular Structure , Nanoparticles/chemistry , Nanostructures/chemistry , Permeability , Plant Extracts/chemistry , Solubility , Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared , Stress, MechanicalABSTRACT
Response surface methodology (RSM) was used to investigate the effect of extraction-process variables on pepsin-soluble collagen (PSC) from eggshell membrane. A central composite design (CCD) was employed for experimental design and analysis of the results to obtain the best possible combination of NaOH concentration (X1: 0.4-1.2 mol/l), alkali treatment time (X2: 6-30 h), enzyme concentration (X3: 15-75 U/mg) and hydrolysis time (X4: 12-60 h) for maximum PSC extraction. The experimental data obtained were fitted to a second-order polynomial equation using multiple regression analysis and analyzed by appropriate statistical methods. According to the results, optimum extraction conditions were as follows: NaOH concentration of 0.76 mol/l, alkali treatment time of 18 h, enzyme concentration of 50 U/mg and hydrolysis time of 43.42 h. The experimental extraction yield under optimal conditions was found to be 30.049%, which is in good agreement with the predicted value of 30.054%.