ABSTRACT
INTRODUCTION: The phenomenon of therapeutic and prophylactic effect of natural mineral waters (MW) used to restore tissue tolerance to glucose and normalize basal insulin secretion in metabolic syndrome is well known. At the same time, the use of selenium-enriched MW is promising due to its multitarget action including participation in the regulation of the protein-synthesizing function of cells. AIM: To study the effect of internal course intake of selenium-modified mineral waters of different composition on bone mineral density after long-term diet-induced metabolic disorders in the experiment. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The study was carried out on outbred male white rats that were distributed into 3 control groups (CG) and 4 main groups (MG). In CG1 14 animals received laboratory food and drinking water; in CG2 14 animals were modeled for diet-induced metabolic disorders, and they were withdrawn from the experiment the day after the cancellation of the hypercaloric diet (180 days); after the cancellation of the hypercaloric diet 180 days later 14 animals with diet-induced metabolic disorders in CG3 had a standard diet (laboratory food and drinking water) for 30 days. In the experimental groups (EG), the animals similarly to CG3 were modeled diet-induced metabolic disorders, after the cancellation of the diet they had a standard diet and watering with MW. In MG1 18 animals were given MW1 (Essentuki-4); in MG2 19 animals had a course of MW1Se (Essentuki-4 enriched with selenium); in MG3 14 animals had a course of MW2 (Slavyanovskaya); in MG4 18 animals had a course of MB2Se (Slavyanovskaya enriched with selenium). The weight (body weight) of the animals was monitored monthly. Biochemical studies, densitometry and computed microtomography were used to determine the effectiveness of MW. RESULTS: The characteristics of spongy bone tissue of femoral metaphysis of the rats of the control groups revealed disorders of varying degrees, but, despite this, the bone tissue structure of the examined vertebral bodies in animals without a hyper caloric diet (CG1) was preserved. The analysis of the study results demonstrated a significant effectiveness of selenium-enriched MW in regulating metabolic processes (p<0.05-p<0.01), bone mineral density (p<0.05), reduced bone resorption (p<0.05), that is, the characteristics of spongy bone tissue of femoral metaphysis and vertebral bodies of animals showed a clear tendency to restore bone structure. CONCLUSION: The results of this study make it possible to predict an increase in the effectiveness of medical rehabilitation of patients with somatic diseases when selenium-enriched MW is included in the programmes.
Subject(s)
Drinking Water , Metabolic Diseases , Mineral Waters , Selenium , Humans , Male , Animals , Rats , Selenium/pharmacology , Bone Density , DietABSTRACT
The aim of the investigation was to study the level of amylolytic activity and microtomographic index of synovial fluid density as well as to substantiate their clinical and pathogenetic significance by identifying correlations with the known informative indicators reflecting characteristic features of the pathological process in various joint diseases. Materials and Methods: Samples of synovial fluid from 95 patients with various joint pathologies at the stage of the disease progression characterized by copious effusion into articular cavities have been examined. Synovial fluid samples obtained by knee arthrocentesis served as a material for the investigation. Conventional methods were used to determine the concentration of uric acid, inorganic phosphorus, total protein, and amylolytic activity level in the selected samples while X-ray density was identified by computed microtomography. Results: All samples of pathological joint fluid have shown a high level of amylolytic activity as compared to the synovial fluid from healthy joints. The relationship between the level of amylolytic activity in synovia and specific joint pathology has been identified. It has also been found that uric acid values, inorganic phosphorus concentrations, and total protein in various types of joint damage may influence X-ray density of the synovial fluid. Correlations between the studied indices have been established. Conclusion: New data on the level of synovia amylolytic activity has been obtained in one non-inflammatory and six different inflammatory diseases. Pathogenically determined correlation between the microtomographic index of synovial fluid density and concentrations of uric acid, inorganic phosphorus, total protein has been confirmed. Specific indicators of X-ray density of synovia in various joint pathologies as well as unidirectional and multidirectional data in comparison with the norm allow us to consider X-ray microtomography as a method that reveals additional details during investigation of synovial fluid density and brings new surrogate markers for the study of pathogenetic mechanisms of the development, differentiation, and treatment of various joint pathologies.
Subject(s)
Synovial Fluid , Uric Acid , Humans , Synovial Fluid/metabolism , Uric Acid/metabolism , Knee Joint/diagnostic imaging , Phosphorus/metabolism , Amylases/metabolismABSTRACT
The search for new strategies for the prevention and control of osteoporosis is an urgent task. Functional foodstuffs and their components are of particular interest in this regard. The aim was to study the effect of bread enriched with protein, dietary fiber, calcium, iron and iodine on the state of the bone tissue of rats in a model of postmenopausal osteoporosis. Material and methods. The experiment was performed on sexually mature female Wistar rats divided into groups: K - control (sham-operated rats, not ovariectomized); Ð30 - osteoporosis model (animals were sacrificed 30 days after ovariectomy); groups Ð120 and Ð120+ - a model of osteoporosis (rats were sacrificed 120 days after ovariectomy). All animals were fed a standard vivary diet. For rats of the Ð120+ group, from the 40th to the 120th day, enriched bread was included in the diet in an amount of 6 g per 100 g of body weight per day. The bread was fortified with protein (whey protein, blood plasma proteins from farm animals), dietary fiber, calcium (eggshell), iron (purified hemoglobin) and iodized whey protein. Animals of groups K and Ð120 received unfortified bread in the same amount. Blood levels of total calcium (by colorimetric method), gonadotropins, testosterone, and estradiol (by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay) were analyzed. Microtomographic evaluation of the architecture and mineral density of the trabecular part of the femur and lumbar vertebrae was performed. Histomorphological analysis of the uterus and femur of animals was performed. Results and discussion. In animals of the Ð120+ group, in comparison with the Ð120 sample, there was a decrease in blood testosterone and a marked compensatory release of follicle-stimulating hormone, while no changes were detected in the concentration of estradiol and the state of the uterus atrophied against the background of ovariectomy. There was an increase in the trabecular mineral density of the femur and lumbar vertebrae. The proportion of bone trabeculae in the total volume of the femoral metaphysis (BV/TV) in animals of the Ð120+ sample was 12.5±0.66% compared to 10.4±0.52% in the Ð120 group. The values of the structural model index (SMI) reflecting the loss of bone strength and the trabecularity coefficient (TbPf) in Ð120+ rats (1.44±0.07 and 5.96±0.29 1/mm) were significantly lower than these parameters in the Ð120 group (1.74±0.08; 9.13±0.46 1/mm, Ñ<0.05). The micro-architectural structure of the femur in the Ð120+ group of rats was close to that of the Ð30 sample, which serves as a model of the early stage of osteoporosis (SMI 1.42±0.07; TbPf 5.55±0.28 1/mm). The percentage of bone resorption perimeter and the number of osteoclasts in the Ð120+ femoral trabeculae were lower than in the Ð120 group. In the Ð120+ group, active osteoblasts were observed in a significant part of the resorption cavities. Cell differentiation more was observed in the osteogenic direction than in the adipogenic direction. Conclusion. Bread enriched with protein, fiber, calcium, iron and iodine, effectively weakens osteoporosis induced by ovariectomy in rats. Its inclusion in the diet may be beneficial for the prevention and treatment of systemic postmenopausal osteoporosis.