ABSTRACT
The cultivated Erythroxylum varieties E. coca var. coca, E. coca var. ipadu, E. novogranatense var. novogranatense and E. novogranatense var. truxillense contain 18 alkaloids, identified so far, belonging to the tropanes, pyrrolidines and pyridines, with cocaine as the main alkaloid. The biological activity of the following alkaloids has been reported in the literature: cocaine, cinnamoylcocaine, benzoylecgonine, methylecgonine, pseudotropine, benzoyltropine, tropacocaine, alpha- and beta-truxilline, hygrine, cuscohygrine and nicotine. The biological activity of cocaine and nicotine is not reviewed here, because it is discussed elsewhere in the literature. Hardly anything is known about the biological activity of the other alkaloids present in the four varieties mentioned. The biosynthesis of the coca alkaloids has been outlined.
Subject(s)
Alkaloids/pharmacology , Coca/analysis , Plants, Medicinal , Anesthetics/pharmacology , Animals , Cats , Chemical Phenomena , Chemistry , Cocaine/analogs & derivatives , Cocaine/pharmacology , Drug and Narcotic Control/legislation & jurisprudence , Mice , Pyrrolidines/pharmacology , Rabbits , Rats , Tropanes/pharmacology , United NationsSubject(s)
Alkaloids/pharmacology , Papaver , Plants, Medicinal , Thebaine/pharmacology , Animals , Humans , Lethal Dose 50 , Thebaine/analogs & derivativesSubject(s)
Dronabinol/pharmacology , Animals , Chemical Phenomena , Chemistry , Dronabinol/therapeutic use , Dronabinol/toxicity , Drug Tolerance , Humans , IsomerismABSTRACT
An interlaboratory procedure for the quantitative extraction and analysis of thebaine from different tissues of Papaver bracteatum Lindl. is presented. Each step was evalutated for the yield of thebaine by use of 1-3H-thebaine and GLC. The method of drying and milling of tissue and the size of resultant particles were important factors in the quantitative recovery of thebaine.