Physicochemical characterization and analgesic effect of inclusion complexes of essential oil from Hyptis pectinata L. Poit leaves with ß-cyclodextrin.

The formation of inclusion complexes of Hyptis pectinata essential oil (EOHP), with potent activities such as anti-nociceptive, anti-inflammatory, among others, with ß -cyclodextrin (ß-CD), was obtained by slurry (SC) and paste procedures (PC). The gas chromatography coupled to the mass spectrometry (GC/MS) analysis demonstrated a total of 36.4% monoterpenes and 63.6% sesquiterpenes in the EOHP. The major components of EOHP were identified as (E)- caryophyllene (54.07%). The analysis of samples (PM, PC and SC) by GC/MS involved the surface and the total extracted oils. The GC/MS results suggested important differences between in SC and PC methods indicating the complexation of mono and sesquiterpenoids in different ratios. Furthermore, the thermal analysis techniques suggests the complexation, especially in SC, which show a thermogravimetry/derivative thermogravimetry (TG/DTG) peak at 140-270ºC, probably related to oil loss. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images showed reduction size of the samples mainly in the SC product. Additionally, EOHP/ ß-CD improves pharmacological profile of EOHP alone in formalin-induced pain protocol in mice.

Chemical constituents and potential anti-inflammatory activity of the essential oil from the leaves of Croton argyrophyllus

Many species from Croton genus have been used in traditional medicine and its pharmacological activities demonstrated. Croton argyrophyllus Kunth, Euphorbiaceae, is a shrub that grows in the flora of Northeastern Brazilian. The essential oil of C. argyrophyllus leaves was tested in rodents (10-100 mg/kg, p.o.) in classical models of inflammation (carrageenan-induced paw oedema and peritonitis) and its chemical constituents were determined by GC-MS/FID analysis. Nitric oxide radical-scavenging activity and lipidic peroxidation were determined to evaluate the antioxidant capacity of the essential oil (0.001-100 µg/mL). Forty-two components were identified, among them, bicyclogermacrene (14.60%) and spathulenol (8.27%) were the most abundant ones. C. argyrophyllus essential oil reduced significantly the oedema (30 and 100 mg/kg, p<0.05) and, besides, reduced the carrageenan increase in mieloperoxidase activity (10, 30, and 100 mg/kg, p<0.001). The carrageenan-induced peritonitis was significantly reduced (p<0.001) by the essential oil (10, 30, and 100 mg/kg). The essential oil (100 mg/kg) reduces the total peritoneal lavage NOx- concentration (p<0.01). Nitric oxide radical generated from sodium nitroprusside was found to be inhibited by the essential oil (p<0.001). C. argyrophyllus essential oil was able to prevent Fe2+- or Fe2+ plus H2O2-induced lipid peroxidation (p<0.001). This study suggests that the anti-inflammatory effect of the essential oil of C. argyrophyllus observed in the present study can be related, at least in part, its antioxidant capacity.