Quality and potency profile of eight recombinant isoallergens, largely mimicking total Bet v 1-specific IgE binding of birch pollen.

BACKGROUND: To date, only limited information on structure, expression levels and IgE binding of Bet v 1 variants, which are simultaneously expressed in birch pollen, is available. OBJECTIVE: To analyse and compare structure and serum IgE/IgG binding of rBet v 1 variants to Bet v 1.0101. METHODS: Recombinant Bet v 1 variants were studied with sera of 20 subjects allergic to birch pollen. Folding, aggregation and solubility of the rBet v 1 variants were analysed to attribute diverging IgE binding to either allergen structure or methodological features. IgE/IgG binding was studied with rBet v 1 in solution or adsorbed to solid phases. Allergen-mediated cross-linking of FcεRI receptors was determined by mediator release of sensitized humanized rat basophil leukaemia cells. RESULTS: All variants, except for rBet v 1.0113, were monomeric and had Bet v 1-type conformation. Serum IgE binding to variants adsorbed to solid phase was reduced to 6.6%-36.5% compared with Bet v 1.0101. In contrast, inhibition of IgE binding to Bet v 1.0101 by rBet v 1 variants ranged from 62% to 83%. Similarly, mediator release ranged from 30.7% to 55.2% for all variants and was only clearly reduced for rBet v 1.0301 (10.4%). The IgE-binding potency of rBet v 1 variants representing their native quantities in birch pollen was only slightly lower compared to extract. IgG binding to variants was between 50.9% and 134.5% compared with rBet v 1.0101 (100%). CONCLUSION AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Bet v 1 variants previously classified as hypoallergenic can exhibit similar functional IgE binding as Bet v 1.0101. Eight rBet v 1 variants largely reproduce total Bet v 1-specific IgE binding of birch pollen extracts. Assay format-dependent variation in IgE-binding properties needs to be considered in the development of diagnostic or therapeutic products.

Model for Quality Control of Allergen Products with Mass Spectrometry.

Birch pollen allergy is diagnosed and treated with aqueous extracts from birch pollen, which contain a mixture of allergens and nonallergenic proteins, including large numbers of closely related sequence variants, so-called iso-allergens of the major allergen, Bet v 1. The quality of therapeutic and diagnostic allergen products largely depends on the allergen and iso-allergen composition. Several biochemical methods are currently applied to detect and quantify allergens and to record protein profiles without differentiating between iso-allergens. Mass spectrometry (MS) may entirely replace these technologies, as it allows sequence specific identification and quantification of proteins and protein profiles including sequence variants in one run. However, the protein inference problem still hampers the automatic assignment of peptide sequences to proteins, consequently impeding the quantification of sequence variants. Therefore, the aim of the study was to set up semitargeted analyses of label-free MS data that allow unambiguous identification and quantification of birch pollen allergens and nonallergenic proteins. We combined data independent acquisition with manual assignment of predefined target sequences for quantification of iso-allergens and automatic quantification of other allergens and nonallergenic proteins. The quantitative data for birch pollen allergens and sequence variants of Bet v 1 were further confirmed by multiple reaction monitoring.