Effects of propiconazole on physiological and biochemical properties of Panax notoginseng and dietary risk assessment / 中国中药杂志

To study the residue and dietary risk of propiconazole in Panax notoginseng and the effects on physiological and bioche-mical properties of P. notoginseng, we conducted foliar spraying of propiconazole on P. notoginseng in pot experiments. The physiolo-gical and biochemical properties studied included leaf damage, osmoregulatory substance content, antioxidant enzyme system, non-enzymatic system, and saponin content in the main root. The results showed that at the same application concentration, the residual amount of propiconazole in each part of P. notoginseng increased with the increase in the times of application and decreased with the extension of harvest interval. After one-time application of propiconazole according to the recommended dose(132 g·hm~(-2)) for P. ginseng, the half-life was 11.37-13.67 days. After 1-2 times of application in P. notoginseng, propiconazole had a low risk of dietary intake and safety threat to the population. The propiconazole treatment at the recommended concentration and above significantly increased the malondialdehyde(MDA) content, relative conductivity, and osmoregulatory substances and caused the accumulation of reactive oxygen species in P. notoginseng leaves. The propiconazole treatment at half(66 g·hm~(-2)) of the recommended dose for P. ginseng significantly increased the activities of superoxide dismutase(SOD), peroxidase(POD), and catalase(CAT) in P. notoginseng leaves. The propiconazole treatment at 132 g·hm~(-2) above inhibited the activities of glutathione reductase(GR) and glutathione S-transferase(GST), thereby reducing glutathione(GSH) content. Proconazole treatment changed the proportion of 5 main saponins in the main root of P. notoginseng. The treatment with 66 g·hm~(-2) propiconazole promoted the accumulation of saponins, while that with 132 g·hm~(-2) and above propiconazole significantly inhibited the accumulation of saponins. In summary, using propiconazole at 132 g·hm~(-2) to prevent and treat P. notoginseng diseases will cause stress on P. notoginseng, while propiconazole treatment at 66 g·hm~(-2) will not cause stress on P. notoginseng but promote the accumulation of saponins. The effect of propiconazole on P. notoginseng diseases remains to be studied.

Clinical Effect of Zhiwei Pill of Bile Reflux Gastritis with Symptoms of Disharmony of Liver and Stomach / 中国实验方剂学杂志

Objective:To evaluate the clinical efficacy of Zhiwei pill for bile reflux gastritis （BRG） with symptoms of disharmony of liver and stomach， evaluate the safety after treatment by three-arm study， and investigate the regulatory action to gastrointestinal hormones. Method:One hundred and eighty patients were randomly divided into placebo group （60 cases）， control group （60 cases） and observe group （60 cases） by random number table. Patients in three groups got lifestyle intervention of non-drug therapy. Patients in control group got hydrotalcite tablets 1-2 hours after meal or untimely bedtime or in case of stomach pain， 2 tablets/time， 3 times/day. Patients in placebo group got simulated medicine of Zhiwei pill 1 hour after meal， 6 g/time， 3 times/day. Patients in observe group got Zhiwei pill 1 hour after meal， 6 g/time， 3 times/day. The treatment continued for 4 weeks in all 3 groups. Before and after treatment， scores were graded for symptoms of disharmony of liver and stomach and patient reported outcome （PRO） scale for patients with chronic gastrointestinal diseases. Gastroscopy was taken to grade the scores of bile reflux and mucosa under gastroscope. Levels of gastrin （GAS）， motilin （MTL）， cholecystokinin （CCK）， substance P （SP） and gastrointestinal hormones were detected. Efficacy for traditional Chinese medicine（TCM） syndrome and efficacy under gastroscope were compared， and safety after treatment was evaluated. Result:After treatment， the total scores of the main symptoms and 7 secondary symptoms of disharmony of liver and stomach in observe group were all lower than those in placebo group and control group （<italic>P</italic><0.01）， and scores of symptoms of disharmony of liver and stomach and PRO were all lower than those in control group and placebo group （<italic>P</italic><0.01）. After treatment， scores of degree of bile reflux and mucosa under gastroscope in observe group were all lower than those in placebo group and control group （<italic>P</italic><0.01）. Level of CCK was lower than that in placebo group and control group （<italic>P</italic><0.01）， while levels of MTL， GAS and SP were higher than those in placebo group and control group （<italic>P</italic><0.01）. Total effective rate of TCM syndrome was 91.38%（53/58）， higher than 71.93%（41/57） in control group and 34.62%（18/52） in placebo group. The total effective rate in gastroscopy was 93.10%（54/58）， higher than 78.95%（45/57） in control group and 28.85%（15/52） in placebo group （<italic>P</italic><0.05 or <italic>P</italic><0.01）. No adverse reactions related to Zhiwei pill were found. Conclusion:Zhiwei pill can improve bile reflux， promote the healing of mucosa under gastroscope， regulate gastrointestinal hormones， improve gastrointestinal motor function， significantly alleviate clinical symptoms， and improve quality of life， with better efficacy for TCM syndrome and efficacy in gastroscopy， and it is safe for clinical use.