ABSTRACT
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE: Solanum nigrum L. (SN) is a traditional Chinese medicine with anti-tumor effects, has been used in cancer for centuries, but the role on high-grade gliomas (HGG) is not clear. AIM OF THE STUDY: This work was to investigate the anti-tumor effects of SN extract on rat C6 glioma in vitro and in vivo, providing a new medium for the treatment of HGG. MATERIALS AND METHODS: After identification and quality inspection of SN medicinal materials by HPLC-MS/MS and HPLC, CCK8 and colony formation assay were conducted to study the effects of SN on vitality and proliferation of C6 cells. Cell morphology was evaluated by HE staining, and flow cytometry was used for apoptosis analysis. The effects on cell migration and invasion were determined by transwell and wound healing assay. Western blot was used to further investigate the influence of SN on migration, invasion and apoptosis of tumor cells. In addition, the rat intracranial transplanted tumor model was used to evaluate the effects of SN on growth and infiltration of tumor and proliferation of transplanted tumor cells. RESULTS: SN extract suppressed the viability of C6 cells in a dose-dependent manner. The extract attenuated cell cloning, migration and invasion, and induced cell Annexin V+ PI+ late-stage apoptosis. Besides, SN induced the expression of apoptotic proteins including Bax and Cleaved Caspase-3, downregulated anti-apoptotic protein Bcl-2, and decreased the level of migratory proteins MMP-2 and MMP-9. Moreover, SN reduced the growth and infiltration of C6 glioma tissue and suppressed the proliferation of tumor cells in rat brain. CONCLUSIONS: SN extract has significant inhibitory activity on the growth and invasion of C6 HGG in vivo and in vitro.
Subject(s)
Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic/therapeutic use , Brain Neoplasms/drug therapy , Glioma/drug therapy , Plant Extracts/therapeutic use , Solanum nigrum , Animals , Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic/pharmacology , Apoptosis/drug effects , Brain Neoplasms/metabolism , Brain Neoplasms/pathology , Cell Line, Tumor , Cell Movement/drug effects , Cell Survival/drug effects , Fruit , Glioma/metabolism , Glioma/pathology , Matrix Metalloproteinase 2/metabolism , Matrix Metalloproteinase 9/metabolism , Plant Extracts/pharmacology , Rats, WistarABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effects and influencing factors of mass chemotherapy in the late stage of soil-borne nematodiasis control so as to provide the evidence for the development of control programs. METHODS: Six villages were divided into three groups: the target chemotherapy, the selective chemotherapy and the control. By observation in three consecutive years, the indexes, mass infection rates, infection degrees and re-infections of soil-borne nematodes, were compared among the 3 groups. The influencing factors were also analyzed. RESULTS: The population infection rates of soil- borne nematodes decreased by 85.94%, 43.10% and 20.87%, respectively, in the three groups after chemotherapy compared with those before the intervention. A higher hookworm infection rate appeared and the chemotherapy effect was impacted in the target chemotherapy group, as some key population applied fresh human waste in vegetable plots. The re-infection rate was 16.65 times of the new infection rate. CONCLUSIONS: Chemotherapy is still useful in the late stage of soil-borne nematode control. It is more important to enhance management of using manure and health education on focus population.