Lack of Consensus Between Measurements of Plasma Phylloquinone by Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent assays and a Well-Validated High-Performance Liquid Chromatographic Method.

Enzyme-linked i2mmunosorbent assays (ELISAs) that measure circulating phylloquinone have become commercially available, but their validity is uncertain. The objective of this study was to compare plasma phylloquinone concentrations measured using two commercially available ELISAs with concentrations measured using a validated high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) assay in 108 samples obtained from participants in a depletion (∼10 mcg phylloquinone/d)-supplementation (∼500 mcg phylloquinone/d) study. The geometric mean of plasma phylloquinone measured with ELISA A was 0.70 nmol/L, 37% lower than that measured with HPLC. The mean of the ELISA B measures was 12.4 nmol/L, >700% higher than the HPLC measures. Plasma phylloquinone measured using HPLC was significantly lower during phylloquinone depletion than supplementation (0.4 ± 0.1 compared with 1.2 ± 0.2 nmol/L; P < 0.001). Neither of the two ELISAs detected any significant difference in plasma phylloquinone concentrations between depletion and supplementation (ELISA A, P = 0.76; ELISA B, P = 0.29). These findings reinforce the need to validate plasma phylloquinone assays as they become available. Curr Dev Nutr 2023;x:xx.

Effects of salvianolate on microcirculatory disturbance in patients with stable coronary heart disease: study protocol for a randomized controlled trial.

BACKGROUND: Obstruction of coronary microcirculation can lead to myocardial ischemia and poor prognosis. Salvianolate exerts cardiovascular protection at cellular levels. However, no studies have confirmed the effect of salvianolate on stable coronary heart disease (CHD) with high fractional flow reserve (FFR) and myocardial microcirculatory disturbances. METHODS/DESIGN: This study will enroll 78 patients who have stable coronary disease with 50 to 70% stenosis in major coronary arteries and whose FFR > 0.80 and index of microcirculatory resistance (IMR) > 25. Patients will be randomly divided into the salvianolate group or the placebo group. After above evaluations, salvianolate 200 mg will be intravenously dripped immediately for the next 30 min and subsequent 7 days in the salvianolate group, and matching 0.9% normal saline will be arranged in the placebo group. IMR will be reevaluated in immediate phase after first 30 min of salvianolate or placebo treatment. The primary end point will be the IMR change in this phase, and the secondary end points will be the total ischemic burden assessed by the Seattle angina scale, quality of life scale, Holter electrocardiography, and 6-min walk test after 7 days before discharge. DISCUSSION: This study will firstly clarify the improvement effect of salvianolate on coronary microcirculation and provide an effective treatment method for stable CHD patients with high FFR and myocardial microcirculatory disturbance. TRIAL REGISTRATION: Chinese Clinical Trial Registry ChiCTR1800018772 . Registered on 9 October 2018 and updated on 2 March 2020.

Metabolomic changes in follicular fluid induced by soy isoflavones administered to rats from weaning until sexual maturity.

Female Wistar rats at 21 days of age were treated with one of three concentrations of soy isoflavones (SIF) (50, 100 or 200mg/kg body weight, orally, once per day) from weaning until sexual maturity (3 months) in order to evaluate the influence of SIF on ovarian follicle development. After treatment, the serum sex hormone levels and enumeration of ovarian follicles of the ovary were measured. The metabolic profile of follicular fluid was determined using HPLC-MS. Principal component analysis (PCA) and partial least-squares-discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) was used to identify differences in metabolites and reveal useful toxic biomarkers. The results indicated that modest doses of SIF affect ovarian follicle development, as demonstrated by decreased serum estradiol levels and increases in both ovarian follicle atresia and corpora lutea number in the ovary. SIF treatment-related metabolic alterations in follicular fluid were also found in the PCA and PLS-DA models. The 24 most significantly altered metabolites were identified, including primary sex hormones, amino acids, fatty acids and metabolites involved in energy metabolism. These findings may indicate that soy isoflavones affect ovarian follicle development by inducing metabolomic variations in the follicular fluid.

Atrial tachycardia provoked in the presence of activating autoantibodies to ß2-adrenergic receptor in the rabbit.

BACKGROUND: A recent clinical study of patients with inappropriate sinus tachycardia reported that autoantibodies to ß-adrenergic receptors (ß2ARs) could act as agonists to induce atrial arrhythmias. OBJECTIVE: To test the hypothesis that activating autoantibodies to the ß2AR in the rabbit atrium are arrhythmogenic. METHODS: Five New Zealand white rabbits were immunized with a ß2AR second extracellular loop peptide to raise ß2AR antibody titers. A catheter-based electrophysiologic study was performed on anesthetized rabbits before and after immunization. Arrhythmia occurrence was determined in response to burst pacing before and after the infusion of acetylcholine in incremental concentrations of 10 µM, 100 µM, and 1 mM at 1 mL/min. RESULTS: In the preimmune studies when ß2AR antibody titers were undetectable, of a total of 20 events, only 3 episodes of nonsustained (<10 seconds) atrial arrhythmias were induced. In the postimmune studies when ß2AR antibody titers ranged from 1:160,000 to 1:1.28 million, burst pacing induced 10 episodes of nonsustained or sustained (≥10 seconds) arrhythmias in 20 events (P = .04 vs preimmune; χ(2) and Fisher exact test). Taking into account only the sustained arrhythmias, there were 6 episodes in 20 events in the postimmune studies compared with 0 episodes in 20 events in the preimmune studies (P = .02). Immunized rabbits demonstrated immunoglobulin G deposition in the atria, and their sera induced significant activation of ß2AR in transfected cells in vitro compared to the preimmune sera. CONCLUSIONS: Enhanced autoantibody activation of ß2AR in the rabbit atrium leads to atrial arrhythmias mainly in the form of sustained atrial tachycardia.

[Comparison of anti-inflammatory effect and analysis of astilbin red and white transverse section Smilax glabra in 28 collection sites].

OBJECTIVE: Astilbin in 28 Smilax glabra (red and white cross-section) from different sources was determined by HPLC. Pharmacodynamics and component of S. glabra was investigated through inflammation experiment (penetration type). METHOD: The analysis was performed on a Hypersil ODS2 column (4.6 mm x 250 mm, 5 microm) with the mobile phase of acetonitrile and 0. 1% acetic acid aqueous (21: 79) at a flow rate of 1.0 mL x min(-1). The detection wavelength was 291 nm, and the column temperature was 25 degrees C. Anti-inflammatory effect was compared from two type cross-section of Smilax glabra in capillary permeability experiment. RESULT: Linear correlation was good in the range of 0.003 379-4.004 microg, and the average recoveries were 100.1%, 101.9%, 99.3%, respectively. The content of astilbin in white and red transverse section were 0.19%-2.46% and 2.10%-5.92%, respectively. Anti-inflammatory efficiency of sectioned red and white were were 21% and 32%, respectively. CONCLUSION: Astilbin content and anti-inflammatory effect is significantly different between red and white transverse section of S. glabra, the content of astilbin is not positively related with anti-inflammatory effect.