ABSTRACT
Pulmonary lymphatic flow disorders involve the abnormal lymphatic flow via lymphatic channels to the lungs and pleural space. Plastic bronchitis and chylothorax are the main complications of this abnormal lymphatic perfusion, which has been termed pulmonary lymphatic perfusion syndrome (PLPS). Following lymphatic access, dynamic contrast MR lymphangiography is the imaging modality of choice to diagnose these disorders. Management includes medical therapy, percutaneous interventions under fluoroscopy, and surgical interventions.
Subject(s)
Bronchitis/diagnostic imaging , Chylothorax/diagnostic imaging , Lymphatic Vessels/diagnostic imaging , Lymphography , Magnetic Resonance Imaging , Adolescent , Bronchitis/therapy , Child , Child, Preschool , Chylothorax/therapy , Contrast Media , Diet Therapy , Dietary Supplements , Disease Management , Embolization, Therapeutic , Humans , Infant , Lung Diseases/diagnostic imaging , Lung Diseases/therapy , Lymphatic Abnormalities/diagnostic imaging , Lymphatic Abnormalities/therapy , Lymphatic Diseases/diagnostic imaging , Lymphatic Diseases/therapy , Lymphatic Vessels/abnormalities , Lymphatic Vessels/surgery , MicrosurgeryABSTRACT
Efficacy of EMDR and TF-CBT for posttraumatic stress symptoms (PTSS) was explored through meta-analysis. A comprehensive search yielded 494 studies of children and adolescents with PTSS who received treatment with these evidence-based therapeutic modalities. Thirty total studies were included in the meta-analysis. The overall Cohen's d was small (-0.359) and statistically significant (p < 0.05), indicating EMDR and TF-CBT are effective in treating PTSS. Major findings posit TF-CBT is marginally more effective than EMDR; those with sub-clinical PTSS responded more favorably in treatment than those with PTSD; and greater reductions in PTSS were observed with presence of comorbidity in diagnosis. Assessment of publication bias with Classic fail-safe N revealed it would take 457 nonsignificant studies to nullify these findings.