ABSTRACT
Escherichia coli Ec36 was recovered from a patient in Portugal after treatment with meropenem and colistin. Besides an IncF plasmid with Tn1441d-blaKPC-3, already reported in clinical strains in this country, E. coli Ec36 co-harbored an IncX4::mcr-1 gene. Results highlight emerging co-resistance to carbapenems and polymyxins after therapy with drugs from both classes.
Subject(s)
Escherichia coli Infections/epidemiology , Escherichia coli Infections/microbiology , Escherichia coli Proteins/genetics , Escherichia coli/drug effects , Escherichia coli/genetics , beta-Lactamases/genetics , Anti-Bacterial Agents/pharmacology , Anti-Bacterial Agents/therapeutic use , Colistin/pharmacology , Colistin/therapeutic use , Drug Resistance, Bacterial , Escherichia coli/classification , Escherichia coli Infections/drug therapy , Genotype , Humans , Meropenem , Microbial Sensitivity Tests , Portugal/epidemiology , Serogroup , Thienamycins/pharmacology , Thienamycins/therapeutic useSubject(s)
Bacteria , Water Quality , Carbapenems/antagonists & inhibitors , Carbapenems/therapeutic use , RiversSubject(s)
Bacteria , Carbapenems/antagonists & inhibitors , Carbapenems/therapeutic use , Rivers , Water QualityABSTRACT
The major parcel of the degradation occurring along wastewater biotreatments is performed either by the native microbiota or by added microbial inocula. The main aim of this study was to apply two fingerprinting methods, temperature gradient gel electrophoresis (TGGE) and length heterogeneity-PCR (LH-PCR) analysis of 16S rRNA gene fragments, in order to assess the microbiota structure and dynamics during mixed olive oil and winery wastewaters aerobic biotreatment performed in a jet-loop reactor (JLR). Sequence homology analysis showed the presence of bacterial genera Gluconacetobacter, Klebsiella, Lactobacillus, Novosphingobium, Pseudomonas, Prevotella, Ralstonia, Sphingobium and Sphingomonas affiliated with five main phylogenetic groups: alpha-, beta- and gamma-Proteobacteria, Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes. LH-PCR analysis distinguished eight predominant DNA fragments correlated with the samples showing highest performance (COD removal rates of 67 up to 75%). Cluster analysis of both TGGE and LH-PCR fingerprinting profiles established five main clusters, with similarity coefficients higher than 79% (TGGE) and 62% (LH-PCR), and related with hydraulic retention time, indicating that this was the main factor responsible for the shifts in the microbiota structure. Canonical correspondence analysis revealed that changes observed on temperature and O(2) level were also responsible for shifts in microbiota composition. Community level metabolic profile analysis was used to test metabolic activities in samples. Integrated data revealed that the microbiota structure corresponds to bacterial groups with high degradative potential and good suitability for this type of effluents biotreatments.