The association between maternal tea consumption and the risk of pregnancy induced hypertension: A retrospective cohort study in Lanzhou, China.

BACKGROUND: Existing evidence on the relationship between maternal tea consumption and pregnancy induced hypertension (PIH) is inconclusive. This study aimed to evaluate the association between maternal tea consumption and the risk of PIH. METHODS: This study analysed the data of women without chronic hypertension who participated in a retrospective birth cohort study conducted from 2010 to 2012 at the Gansu Provincial Maternity and Child Care Hospital in Lanzhou, China. Multivariable logistic regression models were used to estimate the association between tea consumption and the risk of PIH and its clinical subtypes by different tea exposure time windows. RESULTS: Among the 10,452 women included in this study, tea consumption during pregnancy was significantly associated with an increased risk of PIH (odds ratio [OR] = 1.44, 95 % confidence interval [CI]: 1.01, 2.05), gestational hypertension (OR = 1.86, 95 % CI: 1.07, 3.21), and early-onset preeclampsia (OR = 2.93, 95 % CI: 1.21, 7.09). This was especially the case with black tea (OR = 3.57, 95 % CI: 1.67, 7.62). CONCLUSIONS: Tea consumption during pregnancy might be associated with an increased risk of PIH, gestational hypertension, and early-onset preeclampsia. These findings have important implications for public health in reducing the PIH.

[Effects of biodiesel on fine particles (PM2.5) and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons from diesel engine].

PM2.5 emissions and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in PM2.5 of pure biodiesel derived from different feedstocks were investigated and compared with diesel fuel. B100-1 (soyabean oil derived), B100-2 (waste oil derived) and diesel fuel were tested on a diesel engine bench at four operating conditions, including two steady speeds of different loads. The fine particles were collected by fiber quartz filter and particle phase PAHs were analyzed by GC-MS. Compared with diesel fuel, biodiesel decreased PM2.5 emission rates with a maximal reduction rate of 37.3% at operating modes of high loads, while increased PM2.5 emission rates at low loads. PAHs emission rates from biodiesel decreased at all tested modes, with a maximal reduction rate of 77.6%. The emission rates of PM2.5 and PAHs of B100-2 were 14.7% and 17.8% times of B100-1. Low molecular weight PAHs dominated in the emission of three fuels with phenanthrene as maxima and 2-ring and 3-ring PAHs accounted for more than 50% of the total PAHs. Toxic equivalence of PAHs emissions of biodiesel was decreased greatly compared with that of diesel.