ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Panax notoginseng Saponins (PNS) is used as a traditional Chinese medicine for ischemic stroke and cardiovascular disease; it has been proven to possess anticancer activity recently. OBJECTIVE: In this study, we aimed to explore the curative anticancer effect and potential mechanisms of PNS in pancreatic cancer cells. METHODS: Pancreatic cancer Miapaca2 and PANC-1 cells were treated with PNS and Gemcitabine (Gem), respectively. Then the cell viability was assessed by CCK-8 assay, cell proliferation was tested by colony formation assay and EdU cell proliferation assay, cell migration and invasiveness were tested by wound healing assay and transwell assay, respectively, and cell apoptosis was detected by flow cytometry. Finally, we detected the expression levels of proteins related to migration, apoptosis and autophagy through Western blotting. RESULTS: PNS not only inhibited the proliferation, migration, invasion and autophagy of Miapaca2 and PANC-1 cells, but also induced apoptosis and promoted chemosensitivity of pancreatic cancer cells to Gem. CONCLUSION: PNS may exhibit cytotoxicity and increase chemosensitivity of pancreatic cancer cells to Gem by inhibiting autophagy and inducing apoptosis, providing a new strategy and potential treatment option for pancreatic cancer.
Subject(s)
Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic/pharmacology , Apoptosis/drug effects , Panax notoginseng/chemistry , Pancreatic Neoplasms/drug therapy , Plant Extracts/pharmacology , Saponins/pharmacology , Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic/chemistry , Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic/isolation & purification , Cell Death/drug effects , Cell Proliferation/drug effects , Dose-Response Relationship, Drug , Drug Screening Assays, Antitumor , Humans , Pancreatic Neoplasms/metabolism , Pancreatic Neoplasms/pathology , Plant Extracts/chemistry , Plant Extracts/isolation & purification , Saponins/chemistry , Saponins/isolation & purification , Tumor Cells, CulturedSubject(s)
Infertility, Male , Lycopene , Double-Blind Method , Humans , Male , Nutrients , Oxidative Stress , SpermatozoaABSTRACT
Figure four of the Jiujing Tu (Illustration of Moxibustion) of the Dunhuang Caves is the earliest and the most complete recording of treatment for five kinds of strain and seven kinds of impairments in the history of acupuncture and moxibustion. Figure 12 is held as a mystery since it only provided illustrations without indications. Through analysis and approved by clinical experiences, it is held that the two figures are companion illustrations on prevention and treatment of five kinds of strain and seven kinds of impairments as well as health keeping with moxibustion. The point prescriptions in these two figures are defined according to the tri-gram in Yijing (The Book of Change), which allowed the maximization of harmony between the human and the nature. Recovery and health are thus fulfilled through regulation on points at the head, trunk and four extremities of the body. And it is considered to have great significance for promoting the development of the present acupuncture and moxibustion theory since it is effective in both preventing and curing diseases caused by deficient and stagnation conditions such as the wei (flaccidity) syndrome, bi (arthralgia) syndrome, paralysis, dementia, asthma and so on.