Phytochemical Profiles and Anticancer Effects of Calophyllum inophyllum L. Extract Relating to Reactive Oxygen Species Modulation on Patient-Derived Cells from Breast and Lung Cancers.

Reactive oxygen species (ROS) contribute to cancer growth and metastasis. Using antioxidants to modulate cellular ROS levels is a promisingstrategy for cancer prevention and treatment. Calophyllum inophyllum L., or tamanu, is a medicinal plant renowned for its anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and anticancer properties in traditional medicine systems. However, the anticancer effects of C. inophyllum extract on cellular ROS remain unexplored. This study represents the first report on such effects and provides the potential mechanisms underlying the anticancer properties of C. inophyllum extract. The branches of C. inophyllum were extracted, and the extract was comprehensively analyzed for phytochemical constituents, antioxidant capacity, total phenolic content, and total flavonoid content. Subsequently, the extract's potential anticancer properties were evaluated using patient-derived cells from breast and lung cancer. The results revealed that the C. inophyllum extract possesses notable antioxidant activity and demonstrated no cytotoxicity within the initial 24 h of treatment. However, after 72 h, it exhibited significant antiproliferative effects. Moreover, the extract exhibited inhibitory properties against migration and invasion at concentrations below the IC50, which corresponded to the expression of related genes. Notably, these effects correlated with the reduction of intracellular ROS levels. Overall, our findings highlight the anticancer potential of C. inophyllum extract, emphasize its ability to modulate cellular ROS levels and target key molecular pathways involved in cancer progression. This study sheds light on the promising therapeutic implications of C. inophyllum extract as a novel agent for cancer treatment, which is safe for normal cells.

Efficacy of wheat hot pack (dry heat) and pottery hot pack (moist heat) on eyelid temperature and tissue blood flow in healthy eyes: a randomized control trial.

PURPOSE: To investigate the eyelid temperature (Temp) and tissue blood flow (TBF) changes in healthy eyes using wheat hot pack (WHP) and pottery hot pack (PHP). METHODS: A randomized, double-blind, within-subject crossover study design was conducted in a Thai tertiary care center. All healthy subjects received warm compress treatment with WHP and PHP. The subjects were randomized to receive the WHP or the PHP at the first sequence. Temp and TBF measurements were taken at baseline, and every 2 min during the 10-min application of the heated compresses, and every 2 min for a 10-min duration after the compresses were removed. RESULTS: There were 29 females (96.7%) and 1 male. The mean (SD) age of the subjects was 33.17 (5.21) years. Two warm compresses were able to increase the surface lid Temp significantly from the baseline Temp at every time point of measurement and location. For the WHP application, the maximum surface Temp (SD) of the outer upper lid, outer lower lid, and inner lower lid were 40.07 (0.80) °C, 38.44 (0.91) °C, and 35.83 (0.71) °C, respectively (all P value < 0.001) and under the PHP application, the highest surface Temp (SD) were 40.63 (0.97) °C, 38.32 (1.27) °C, and 35.82 (0.71) °C, respectively (all P value < 0.001). Both WHP and PHP were able to increase TBF significantly with no adverse events and these effects can be sustained until 20 min. CONCLUSIONS: The results of this study suggest the potential of using these warm compresses for meibomian gland dysfunction. Further clinical research is needed.

Potential of Thai Herbal Extracts on Lung Cancer Treatment by Inducing Apoptosis and Synergizing Chemotherapy.

The incidence of lung cancer has increased while the mortality rate has continued to remain high. Effective treatment of this disease is the key to survival. Therefore, this study is a necessity in continuing research into new effective treatments. In this study we determined the effects of three different Thai herbs on lung cancer. Bridelia ovata, Croton oblongifolius, and Erythrophleum succirubrum were extracted by ethyl acetate and 50% ethanol. The cytotoxicity was tested with A549 lung cancer cell line. We found four effective extracts that exhibited toxic effects on A549 cells. These extracts included ethyl acetate extracts of B. ovata (BEA), C. oblongifolius (CEA), and E. succirubrum (EEA), and an ethanolic extract of E. succirubrum (EE). Moreover, these effective extracts were tested in combination with chemotherapeutic drugs. An effective synergism of these treatments was found specifically through a combination of BEA with methotrexate, EE with methotrexate, and EE with etoposide. Apoptotic cell death was induced in A549 cells by these effective extracts via the mitochondria-mediated pathway. Additionally, we established primary lung cancer and normal epithelial cells from lung tissue of lung cancer patients. The cytotoxicity results showed that EE had significant potential to be used for lung cancer treatment. In conclusion, the four effective extracts possessed anticancer effects on lung cancer. The most effective extract was found to be E. succirubrum (EE).

Prognostic score for life expectancy evaluation of lung cancer patients after bone metastasis.

BACKGROUND: This study identifies the overall survival status of lung cancer patients with bone metastasis and metastasis patterns. Poor prognostic factors were identified to develop a scoring system for estimating survival period after bone metastasis. METHODS: A retrospective cohort analysis was performed at Chiang Mai University for the period January 1, 2006 and December 31, 2013. Time-to-event analysis was performed to estimate survival rate. The primary end point was death related to lung cancer. Univariate and multivariate analysis of the prognostic variables was done using the Cox's regression model. The score was derived from the corresponding estimated regression coefficients of significantly poor prognostic factors. RESULTS: A total of 505 lung cancer with bone metastasis patients were analyzed. Four hundred two cases (79.6%) were concurrent diagnosis and 103 (20.4%) were subsequent diagnosis. The median survival time of lung cancer after bone metastasis 148 days. Male gender and ECOG 3-4 were significant poor prognostic factors for lung cancer after bone metastasis, with hazard ratios of 1.42 (95% CI 1.17-1.73), and 1.30 (95% CI 1.06-1.60), respectively. Prognosis score was determined using the binary term present/not-present for those factors. The curve from prognostic score summations of 2, 1 and 0 presented a good discrimination of survival expectancy, showing an expected median survival time of approximately 109, 146, and 225 days, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Prognostic score is a clinically simple and easy method for estimating life expectancy and for guiding interventions in bone metastasis of lung cancer.

Impact of lymph node management on resectable non-small cell lung cancer patients.

BACKGROUND: A surgical lung resection with systematic mediastinal lymph node (LN) dissection is recommended by the National Comprehensive Cancer Network guideline. However, the effective number of dissected LNs, stations and positivity is still controversial. The aim of this study is to identify the impact of total numbers, LN stations and positivity of dissected LNs on tumor recurrence and overall death in resectable non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). METHODS: This prognostic study used a retrospective data collection design. Adult patients with clinical resectable NSCLC who underwent pulmonary resection and mediastinal lymphadenectomy at Chiang Mai University between June 2000 and June 2012 were enrolled in this study. A multilevel mixed-effects parametric survival model was used to identify the effect of numbers, LN stations and positivity of dissected LNs to tumor recurrence and mortality. RESULTS: The average number of dissected LNs was 22.7±12.8. Tumor recurrence was found in 51.3% and overall mortality was 43.3%. The number of dissected LNs was a prognostic factor for tumor recurrence [HR 0.98, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.96-0.99]. There was a significant difference at the cut-pointed value of 11 dissected LNs for tumor recurrence (HR 2.22, 95% CI: 1.26-3.92). Dissection less than 11 nodes and less than 5 stations indicated a poor prognostic factor for tumor recurrence: for 3-4 stations (HR 3.01, 95% CI: 1.22-7.42) and for 1-2 stations (HR 1.96, 95% CI: 1.04-3.72). The positivity of dissected LNs was also a prognostic factor for tumor recurrence and overall mortality (HR 1.01, 95% CI: 1.01-1.02 and HR 1.01, 95% CI: 1.01-1.03, respectively). CONCLUSIONS: Eleven or more LN dissection with at least 5 stations influenced recurrent-free survival. Systematic LN dissection (SLND) should be performed not only to identify the positivity of dissected LNs but also to determine an accurate tumor nodal stage. A larger cohort should be further conducted to support these findings.