ABSTRACT
Effects of aromatherapy (odorless condition, lavender, and hiba oil) on mood and anxiety were investigated in 14 female patients who were being treated with chronic hemodialysis. A control period consisting of natural hospital smells was established before each test session, and then aromatic test conditions were systematically evaluated for odorless conditions as well as aromatic conditions containing lavender and hiba oil aromas. The effects of aromatherapy were measured using the Hamilton rating scale for depression (HAMD) and the Hamilton rating scale for anxiety (HAMA). Hiba oil aroma significantly decreased the mean scores of HAMD and HAMA, and lavender aroma significantly decreased the mean scores of HAMA. The mean scores of HAMD and HAMA in an odorless condition were not significantly different from those of the control conditions. These results indicate that in chronic hemodialysis patients hiba oil is an effective, non-invasive means for the treatment of depression and anxiety, and that lavender alleviates anxiety.
Subject(s)
Anxiety/therapy , Aromatherapy/methods , Lamiaceae/therapeutic use , Phytotherapy , Renal Dialysis/psychology , Adult , Aged , Anti-Anxiety Agents/therapeutic use , Combined Modality Therapy , Female , Hospitalization , Humans , Length of Stay , Middle Aged , Plants/therapeutic use , Treatment OutcomeABSTRACT
The interactions between chenodeoxycholic acid (CDCA) or ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA) and tolbutamide including its displacement from plasma protein binding sites were investigated pharmacokinetically. An increasing concentration of unbound tolbutamide was observed in the in vitro experiment, conducted by equilibrium dialysis method at 30 degrees C after the addition of CDCA and UDCA to human serum albumin (HSA), bovine serum albumin (BSA) and rabbit plasma containing tolbutamide. Small changes in total plasma concentration of tolbutamide were noted after high dose (0.167 mg/kg/min) intravenous infusion of CDCA to rabbits receiving a constant intravenous infusion of tolbutamide, but, such an observation was not obtained with low dose (0.083 mg/kg/min) of CDCA or with either high or low dose of UDCA. These results seem to indicate the displacement of high doses of CDCA. The coadministration of sulfadimethoxine which not only displaces tolbutamide from binding sites but also inhibits its metabolism was investigated. A different plasma pattern was obtained under the same intravenous infusion conditions, as compared with the plasma pattern resulting from tolbutamide-CDCA or UDCA combination.