ABSTRACT
We report on the proton acceleration studies from thin metallic foils of varying atomic number (Z) and thicknesses, investigated using a 45 fs, 10 TW Ti:sapphire laser system. An optimum foil thickness was observed for efficient proton acceleration for our laser conditions, dictated by the laser ASE prepulse and hot electron propagation behavior inside the material. The hydrodynamic simulations for ASE prepulse support the experimental observation. The observed maximum proton energy at different thicknesses for a given element is in good agreement with the reported scaling laws. The results with foils of different atomic number Z suggest that a judicious choice of the foil material can enhance the proton acceleration efficiency, resulting into higher proton energy.
Subject(s)
Lasers , Protons , Radiation , Aluminum Compounds , Aluminum Oxide , Computer Simulation , Copper , Electrons , Gold Compounds , Hydrodynamics , Nickel , Tantalum , TitaniumABSTRACT
Faecal incontinence is a debilitating condition. Sacral neuromodulation may have a role in the treatment of faecal incontinence. We report a case of faecal incontinence secondary to chronic organophosphate poisoning, which was successfully treated with sacral neuromodulation. The patient's faecal incontinence and quality of life improved significantly.