Quality of life in a randomized trial comparing two neoadjuvant regimens for locally advanced rectal cancer-INCAGI004.

BACKGROUND: Neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy (neoCRT) followed by surgery is the standard of care for locally advanced rectal cancer (LARC), but the emergence of different drug regimens may result in different response rates. Good clinical response translates into greater sphincter preservation, but quality of life (QOL) may be impaired after treatment due to chemoradiotherapy and surgical side effects. OBJECTIVE: To prospectively evaluate the impact of clinical response and surgical resection on QOL in a randomized trial comparing two different neoCRT regimens. METHODS: Stage II and III rectal cancer patients were randomized to receive neoCRT with either capecitabine (group 1) or 5-Fu and leucovorin (group 2) concomitant to long-course radiotherapy. Clinical downstaging was accessed using MRI 6-8 weeks after treatment. EORTCs QLQ-C30 and CR38 were applied before treatment (T0), after neoCRT (T1), after rectal resection (T2), early after adjuvant chemotherapy (T3), and 1 year after the end of treatment or stoma closure (T4). The Wexner scale was used for fecal incontinence evaluation at T4. A C30SummaryScore (Geisinger and cols.) was calculated to compare QOL results. RESULTS: Thirty-two patients were assigned to group 1 and 31 to group 2. Clinical downstaging occurred in 70.0% of group 1 and 53.3% of group 2 (p = 0.288), and sphincter preservation was 83.3% in group 1 and 80.0% in group 2 (p = 0.111). No significant difference in QOL was detected when comparing the two treatment groups after neoCRT using QLQ-C30. However, the CR38 module detected differences in micturition problems (15.3 points), gastrointestinal problems (15.3 points), defecation problems (11.8 points), and sexual satisfaction (13.3 points) favoring the capecitabine group. C30SummaryScore detected significant improvement comparing T0 to T1 and deterioration comparing T1 to T2 (p = 0.025). The mean Wexner scale score was 9.2, and a high score correlated with symptoms of diarrhea and defecation problems at T4. CONCLUSIONS: QOL was equivalent between groups after neoCRT except for micturition problems, gastrointestinal problems, defecation problems, and sexual satisfaction favoring the capecitabine arm after. The overall QOL using the C30SummaryScore was improved after neoCRT, but decreased following rectal resection, returning to basal levels at late evaluation. Fecal incontinence was high after sphincter preservation. TRIAL REGISTRATION: ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT03428529.

[Determinants of the time between breast cancer diagnosis and initiation of treatment in Brazilian women]. / Análise dos determinantes que influenciam o tempo para o início do tratamento de mulheres com câncer de mama no Brasil.

This study aimed to analyze the time elapsed between breast cancer diagnosis and initiation of treatment in woman treated from 2000 to 2011 in the Brazilian public health system and to identify factors associated with delayed onset of treatment. This retrospective cohort study included 137,593 women diagnosed in 239 hospitals in Brazil from 2000 to 2011. In 63.1% of cases the time between diagnosis and treatment was 60 days. Delayed treatment was associated with nonwhite skin color (OR = 1.18; 95%CI: 1.13-1.23), single marital status (OR = 1.05; 95%CI: 1.01-1.09), less than eight years of schooling (OR = 1.13; 95%CI: 1.08-1.18), early-stage disease (OR = 1.27; 95%CI: 1.22-1.32), treatment from 2006 to 2011 (OR = 1.54; 95%CI: 1.47-1.60), and patients in the public health system (OR = 1.19; 95%CI: 1.13-1.25). Stratified analysis showed variability of factors between regions of Brazil. The identification of factors associated with delayed initiation of breast cancer treatment can support the development of interventions targeted to specific population groups.

Análise dos determinantes que influenciam o tempo para o início do tratamento de mulheres com câncer de mama no Brasil / Determinants of the time between breast cancer diagnosis and initiation of treatment in Brazilian women / Análisis de los determinantes que influyen en el tiempo para el inicio del tratamiento en mujeres con cáncer de mama en Brasil

Este estudo teve como objetivo analisar o intervalo de tempo entre o diagnóstico e o início do tratamento do câncer de mama em mulheres e seus determinantes. Foi realizado um estudo de coorte retrospectiva com 137.593 mulheres diagnosticadas em 239 unidades hospitalares do Brasil entre 2000 a 2011. Em 63,1% dos casos, o intervalo entre o diagnóstico e o tratamento foi de até 60 dias. No país, as mulheres mais suscetíveis ao atraso foram não brancas (OR = 1,18; IC95%: 1,13-1,23), sem companheiro (OR = 1,05; IC95%: 1,01-1,09), com menos de oito anos de estudo (OR = 1,13; IC95%: 1,08-1,18), com doença em estadiamento inicial (OR = 1,27; IC95%: 1,22-1,32), tratadas de 2006 a 2011 (OR = 1,54; IC95%: 1,47-1,60) e provenientes do sistema público de saúde (OR = 1,19; IC95%: 1,13-1,25). Na análise estratificada foi observada a variabilidade dos fatores entre as regiões do Brasil. A identificação de fatores associados à demora no início do tratamento poderá possibilitar a elaboração de propostas de intervenções destinadas a grupos populacionais específicos.

This study aimed to analyze the time elapsed between breast cancer diagnosis and initiation of treatment in woman treated from 2000 to 2011 in the Brazilian public health system and to identify factors associated with delayed onset of treatment. This retrospective cohort study included 137,593 women diagnosed in 239 hospitals in Brazil from 2000 to 2011. In 63.1% of cases the time between diagnosis and treatment was 60 days. Delayed treatment was associated with nonwhite skin color (OR = 1.18; 95%CI: 1.13-1.23), single marital status (OR = 1.05; 95%CI: 1.01-1.09), less than eight years of schooling (OR = 1.13; 95%CI: 1.08-1.18), early-stage disease (OR = 1.27; 95%CI: 1.22-1.32), treatment from 2006 to 2011 (OR = 1.54; 95%CI: 1.47-1.60), and patients in the public health system (OR = 1.19; 95%CI: 1.13-1.25). Stratified analysis showed variability of factors between regions of Brazil. The identification of factors associated with delayed initiation of breast cancer treatment can support the development of interventions targeted to specific population groups.

Este estudio tuvo como objetivo analizar el intervalo de tiempo entre el diagnóstico y el inicio del tratamiento de cáncer de mama en las mujeres y sus determinantes. Este estudio de cohorte retrospectivo, involucró a 137.593 mujeres diagnosticadas, en 239 hospitales, en Brasil de 2000 y 2011. En el 63,1% de los casos, el intervalo entre el diagnóstico y el tratamiento fue de 60 días. Las mujeres más propensas a retrasarlo eran: no blanca (OR = 1,18; IC95%: 1,13-1,23), sin pareja (OR = 1,05; IC95%: 1,01-1,09), con menos de ocho años de educación (OR = 1,13; IC95%: 1,08-1,18), con la enfermedad en una etapa temprana (OR = 1,27; IC95%: 1,22-1,32), tratadas de 2006 a 2011 (OR = 1,54; IC95%: 1,47-1,60) y dentro del sistema de salud pública (OR = 1,19; IC95%: 1,13-1,25). Se observó entre las regiones de Brasil un análisis estratificado de los factores de variabilidad. La identificación de factores asociados con el retraso en la iniciación del tratamiento puede permitir la preparación de intervenciones propuestas a poblaciones específicas.

RFC-1 80G>A polymorphism in case-mother/control-mother dyads is associated with risk of nephroblastoma and neuroblastoma.

AIM: Embryonic tumors are associated with an interruption during normal organ development; they may be related to disturbances in the folate pathway involved in DNA synthesis, methylation, and repair. Prenatal supplementation with folic acid is associated with a decreased risk of neuroblastoma, brain tumors, retinoblastoma, and nephroblastoma. The aim of this study was to investigate the association between MTHFR rs1801133 (C677T) and RFC-1 rs1051266 (G80A) genotypes with the risk of developing nephroblastoma and neuroblastoma. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Case-mother/control-mother dyad study. Samples from Brazilian children with nephroblastoma (n=80), neuroblastoma (n=66), healthy controls (n=453), and their mothers (case n=93; control n=75) were analyzed. Genomic DNA was isolated from peripheral blood cells and/or buccal cells and genotyped to identify MTHFR C677T and RFC-1 G80A polymorphisms. Differences in genotype distribution between patients and controls were tested by multiple logistic regression analysis. RESULTS: Risk for nephroblastoma and neuroblastoma was two- to fourfold increased among children with RFC-1 polymorphisms. An increased four- to eightfold risk for neuroblastoma and nephroblastoma was seen when the child and maternal genotypes were combined. CONCLUSION: Our results suggest that mother and child RFC-1 G80A genotypes play a role on the risk of neuroblastoma and nephroblastoma since this polymorphism may impair the intracellular levels of folate, through carrying fewer folate molecules to the cell interior, and thus, the intracellular concentration is not enough to maintain regular DNA synthesis and methylation pathways.

Walking execution is not affected by divided attention in patients with multiple sclerosis with no disability, but there is a motor planning impairment.

PURPOSE: We analysed the cognitive influence on walking in multiple sclerosis (MS) patients, in the absence of clinical disability. METHOD: A case-control study was conducted with 12 MS patients with no disability and 12 matched healthy controls. Subjects were referred for completion a timed walk test of 10 m and a 3D-kinematic analysis. Participants were instructed to walk at a comfortable speed in a dual-task (arithmetic task) condition, and motor planning was measured by mental chronometry. RESULTS: Scores of walking speed and cadence showed no statistically significant differences between the groups in the three conditions. The dual-task condition showed an increase in the double support duration in both groups. Motor imagery analysis showed statistically significant differences between real and imagined walking in patients. CONCLUSION: MS patients with no disability did not show any influence of divided attention on walking execution. However, motor planning was overestimated as compared with real walking.

Walking execution is not affected by divided attention in patients with multiple sclerosis with no disability, but there is a motor planning impairment / A execucao da marcha nao e afetada pela atencao dividida em pacientes com esclerose multipla sem incapacidade, mas existe um comprometimento do planejamento motor

Purpose: We analysed the cognitive influence on walking in multiple sclerosis (MS) patients, in the absence of clinical disability. Method: A case-control study was conducted with 12 MS patients with no disability and 12 matched healthy controls. Subjects were referred for completion a timed walk test of 10 m and a 3D-kinematic analysis. Participants were instructed to walk at a comfortable speed in a dual-task (arithmetic task) condition, and motor planning was measured by mental chronometry. Results: Scores of walking speed and cadence showed no statistically significant differences between the groups in the three conditions. The dual-task condition showed an increase in the double support duration in both groups. Motor imagery analysis showed statistically significant differences between real and imagined walking in patients. Conclusion: MS patients with no disability did not show any influence of divided attention on walking execution. However, motor planning was overestimated as compared with real walking.

O objetivo do estudo foi analisar a influência cognitiva na caminhada de pacientes com esclerose múltipla (EM) sem incapacidade clínica. Foi conduzido um estudo caso-controle com 12 pacientes com EM sem incapacidade com 12 pessoas saudáveis como controles pareados. Os sujeitos fizeram um teste de caminhada de 10 metros , acompanhado de análise cinemática 3D, e foram orientados a caminhar em velocidade confortável, realizando dupla-tarefa (tarefa aritmética), e o planejamento motor foi medido pela cronometria mental. Os valores de velocidade da caminhada e da cadência não evidenciaram diferenças estatisticamente significativas entre os grupos nas três condições. A condição de dupla-tarefa demonstrou um aumento na duração do duplo apoio em ambos os grupos. A imagética motora evidenciou diferenças estatisticamente significativas entre a caminhada real e a imaginada nos pacientes com EM. Pacientes com EM sem incapacidade não apresentaram influência da atenção dividida na execução da caminhada. Entretanto, o planejamento motor esteve superestimado.

[Prevalence of HPV infection among women covered by the family health program in the Baixada Fluminense, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil]. / Prevalência de HPV em mulheres assistidas pela estratégia saúde da família na Baixa Fluminense do Estado do Rio de Janeiro.

PURPOSE: to evaluate the prevalence of HPV infection and associated factors among women living in the 'Baixada Fluminense', state of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. METHODS: a cross-sectional study conducted on a sample of 2,056 women aged 25-59 years covered by the Family Health Program in the municipalities of Duque de Caxias and Nova Iguaçu, state of Rio de Janeiro, southeastern Brazil. All women were submitted to the Papanicolaou and HPV detection tests in a single session by second-generation hybrid capture from December 2001 to July 2002. The prevalence of HPV was stratified by age, place of residence, schooling, smoking habit, and sexual and reproductive history. The prevalence rates associated with the studied variables were calculated by Multivariate Poisson regression. RESULTS: the prevalence of HPV was 12.3% and 5.0% for high-risk and low-risk HPV types, respectively. A reduction in high-risk HPV prevalence was observed with aging, with an increase in the 55-59 year age range. After adjusting for age, schooling, smoking, early sexual initiation and parity, high-risk HPV infection was associated with not living with a partner (1.4; 95%CI=1.1-1.8) and having more than one sexual partner (an increase of 1.4%; 95%CI=1.1-1.6, for each lifetime sexual partner). CONCLUSIONS: the prevalence of HPV was lower than that reported in other Brazilians studies, most likely because our sample was population-based. HPV infection was associated only with factors related to sexual behavior, but the potential association between HPV infection and smoking still needs to be better understood. Further studies are needed to explore these issues, as well as postmenopausal increased infection rates, and to identify the most prevalent HPV types in the Brazilian population.

Prevalência de HPV em mulheres assistidas pela estratégia saúde da família na Baixada Fluminense do Estado do Rio de Janeiro / Prevalence of HPV infection among women covered by the family health program in the Baixada Fluminense, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil

OBJETIVO: estimar a prevalência de HPV e avaliar os fatores associados em mulheres residentes na Baixada Fluminense do Estado do Rio de Janeiro. MÉTODOS: estudo transversal incluindo 2.056 mulheres de 25 a 59 anos assistidas pela Estratégia Saúde da Família, residentes nos municípios de Duque de Caxias e Nova Iguaçu do Estado do Rio de Janeiro. Todas as mulheres foram submetidas, numa única consulta, ao exame de Papanicolaou e de detecção do HPV por captura híbrida segunda geração, no período de dezembro de 2001 a julho de 2002. A prevalência de HPV foi calculada segundo local de residência, grupo etário, escolaridade, tabagismo, características sexuais e reprodutivas. Foram calculadas as razões de prevalência associadas às variáveis estudadas através de regressão de Poisson multivariada. RESULTADOS: a prevalência de HPV foi de 12,8 por cento para tipos de alto risco oncogênico e 5,0 por cento para baixo risco. Observou-se uma redução na prevalência de HPV para tipos de alto risco oncogênico com avanço da idade e um recrudescimento no grupo etário de 55 a 59 anos. Não viver com companheiro (RP=1,4; IC95 por cento=1,1-1,8) e ter mais de um parceiro sexual (aumento de 1,4 por cento; IC95 por cento=1,1-1,6 para cada parceiro sexual na vida) associaram-se à infecção pelo HPV de alto risco oncogênico após ajustamento por idade, escolaridade, número de partos, tabagismo e idade do início da atividade sexual. CONCLUSÕES: a prevalência de HPV na população estudada foi mais baixa da que tem sido observada em outros estudos brasileiros, provavelmente por ser oriunda de amostra populacional. Apenas os fatores relacionados ao comportamento sexual mostraram-se associados à infecção pelo HPV, porém a influência do tabagismo nesse processo ainda precisa ser mais bem compreendida. Estudos adicionais são necessários para esclarecer essas questões, bem como o possível recrudescimento da infecção pelo HPV após a menopausa e os tipos de vírus mais prevalentes ...

PURPOSE: to evaluate the prevalence of HPV infection and associated factors among women living in the "Baixada Fluminense", state of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. METHODS: a cross-sectional study conducted on a sample of 2,056 women aged 25-59 years covered by the Family Health Program in the municipalities of Duque de Caxias and Nova Iguaçu, state of Rio de Janeiro, southeastern Brazil. All women were submitted to the Papanicolaou and HPV detection tests in a single session by second-generation hybrid capture from December 2001 to July 2002. The prevalence of HPV was stratified by age, place of residence, schooling, smoking habit, and sexual and reproductive history. The prevalence rates associated with the studied variables were calculated by Multivariate Poisson regression. RESULTS: the prevalence of HPV was 12.3 percent and 5.0 percent for high-risk and low-risk HPV types, respectively. A reduction in high-risk HPV prevalence was observed with aging, with an increase in the 55-59 year age range. After adjusting for age, schooling, smoking, early sexual initiation and parity, high-risk HPV infection was associated with not living with a partner (1.4; 95 percentCI=1.1-1.8) and having more than one sexual partner (an increase of 1.4 percent; 95 percentCI=1.1-1.6, for each lifetime sexual partner). CONCLUSIONS: the prevalence of HPV was lower than that reported in other Brazilians studies, most likely because our sample was population-based. HPV infection was associated only with factors related to sexual behavior, but the potential association between HPV infection and smoking still needs to be better understood. Further studies are needed to explore these issues, as well as postmenopausal increased infection rates, and to identify the most prevalent HPV types in the Brazilian population.