ABSTRACT
Thalamoreticular circuitry plays a key role in arousal, attention, cognition, and sleep spindles, and is linked to several brain disorders. A detailed computational model of mouse somatosensory thalamus and thalamic reticular nucleus has been developed to capture the properties of over 14,000 neurons connected by 6 million synapses. The model recreates the biological connectivity of these neurons, and simulations of the model reproduce multiple experimental findings in different brain states. The model shows that inhibitory rebound produces frequency-selective enhancement of thalamic responses during wakefulness. We find that thalamic interactions are responsible for the characteristic waxing and waning of spindle oscillations. In addition, we find that changes in thalamic excitability control spindle frequency and their incidence. The model is made openly available to provide a new tool for studying the function and dysfunction of the thalamoreticular circuitry in various brain states.
Subject(s)
Thalamus , Wakefulness , Mice , Animals , Thalamus/physiology , Sleep/physiology , Thalamic Nuclei/physiology , Perception , Cerebral Cortex/physiologyABSTRACT
A 54-year-old man with progressive prostate cancer underwent a 68Ga-PSMA PET/CT, which showed lymph node and bone metastases. After 2-cycles of 177Lu-PSMA therapy, the repeated 68Ga-PSMA PET/CT showed decreased radiotracer uptake in lymph node and bones metastases, but there were new lesions which may be compatible with progression or tumour sink-effect. A review of 177Lu-PSMA-therapy images revealed that new lesions in the second PET/CT were the metastatic lesions that progressed after the first PET/CT, and subsequently showed a good response. The patient received additional cycles of 177Lu-PSMA therapy, and the disease regressed further, with a PSA of 0.06ng/ml. Response evaluation of new therapeutic diagnostics (theranostic) agents needs a review of not only diagnostic PET/CT images, but also post-therapy images and laboratory results.
Subject(s)
Adenocarcinoma/diagnostic imaging , Adenocarcinoma/secondary , Bone Neoplasms/diagnostic imaging , Bone Neoplasms/secondary , Dipeptides/therapeutic use , Heterocyclic Compounds, 1-Ring/therapeutic use , Lutetium/therapeutic use , Lymphatic Metastasis/diagnostic imaging , Positron Emission Tomography Computed Tomography , Prostatic Neoplasms/diagnostic imaging , Radioisotopes/therapeutic use , Radiopharmaceuticals/therapeutic use , Adenocarcinoma/blood , Adenocarcinoma/radiotherapy , Bone Neoplasms/blood , Bone Neoplasms/radiotherapy , Dipeptides/analysis , Drug Monitoring , Edetic Acid/analogs & derivatives , Edetic Acid/analysis , Gallium Isotopes , Gallium Radioisotopes/analysis , Heterocyclic Compounds, 1-Ring/analysis , Humans , Lutetium/analysis , Lymphatic Metastasis/radiotherapy , Male , Middle Aged , Oligopeptides/analysis , Prostate-Specific Antigen/blood , Prostatic Neoplasms/blood , Prostatic Neoplasms/radiotherapy , Radioisotopes/analysis , Radiopharmaceuticals/analysis , Sensitivity and SpecificityABSTRACT
Osteopoikilosis (OPK) is a rare disease with an unknown etiology. Although a benign condition, it may lead to diagnostic problems when the patient undergoes diagnostic imaging of the skeletal system due to various reasons like malignancy. Herein, we report 2 cases with OPK causing difficulties in the final diagnosis of the cases which was resolved with the contribution of bone scintigraphy and clinical follow-up.