[The study of tryptophan metabolite concentrations in blood serum and fecal extracts from obese children]. / Izuchenie soderzhaniia metabolitov obmena triptofana v syvorotke krovi i kalovykh ékstraktakh u detei s ozhireniem.

We found that changes in the concentrations of tryptophan metabolites in the blood serum and in the intestinal contents are one of the mechanisms for the formation of metabolic coupling in the system "macroorganism-intestinal microbiota", which undergoes significant changes in the development of obesity. Although blood kynurenine remained basically unchanged in obese children we found an increase in some of its serum metabolites: anthranilic, kynurenic and xanthurenic acids. It is noteworthy that in the analysis of fecal matter in obese children, revealed a 2-fold increase in the level of kynurenine while the concentration of kynurenine pathway metabolites corresponded to the level of the group of healthy children. This may indicate the metabolic activation of the microbiota associated with the intestinal mucosa. This is also supported by the absence of statistically significant differences in the concentration of indole in healthy children and in obese children in fecal analyses, and a significant increase in the concentration of indole-3-lactate and indole-3-acetate in the blood serum of obese children.

[Generation of Antibiotic Tolerant Bacterial Persisters in Immunocompromized Patients with Hematologic and Malignant Diseases: A New Problem of Health-Care Associated Infections].

Background: Antibiotic tolerance (AT) represents one of the causes of the phenomenon of antibiotic resistance that allows escape of non-replicating metabolically inert microorganisms (persisters) from any antibiotics attack because molecular targets of antibiotics are lacking thereby creating the potential for chronic infections. Aims: Determine the heterogeneity of the strains of opportunistic pathogens E. coli and P. aeruginosa isolates from children with hematologic malignancies containing bacterial persisters that cause the AT phenomenon. Methods: Children with hematological malignancies were divided into 2 groups according to the intensity of antibiotic treatment of infectious complications. Ciprofloxacin-induced persisters were quantitatively determined in the biological materials obtained from sick children. Results: Within the clinical isolates of E. coli and P. aeruginosa, about a third of the strains belong to high-persisting. The numbers of persistent forms of bacteria did not correlate with a minimal inhibitory concentration values ciprofloxacin (r=0.148, n=25, p>0.05). Interestingly, higher level of formation of persistent E. coli and P. aeruginosa, is associated with higher frequencies of infection attacks, massive antibiotic use and unfavorable course of the disease in children. Conclusions: Therefore, detecting the persistent forms of bacterial pathogens including those associated with the health-care associated infection, specifically, in immunocompromised patients, should be included into the contemporary algorithms of microbiological observation and monitoring of patients and intrahospital environment.