The stability of implants and microbiological effects following photobiomodulation therapy with one-stage placement: A randomized, controlled, single-blinded, and split-mouth clinical study.

BACKGROUND: Studies have reported a positive effect on bone healing and the elimination of microorganisms placed on the titanium implants, while others have not confirmed the positive photobiomodulation therapy (PBMT) effects on bone regeneration and bone structure around the implants. PURPOSE: The aim of the present study was to address the following questions: Does PBMT improve implant stability and affect microbiota around dental implants in the early stage of osseointegration? MATERIALS AND METHODS: This study was designed as randomized-controlled prospective, split mouth, single-blinded clinical trial. Implants were randomly divided into two groups and implants placed in the test group were treated with Gallium-aluminum-arsenide (GaAlAs) diode laser with PBMT immediately after surgery and for 15 days (n = 47). In the control group, implants were not irradiated(n = 46). The primary stability of the implants was measured by the Resonance frequency analysis (RFA) after insertion and the secondary stability values were recorded at 30th, 60th, and 90th days after surgery as implant stability quotient (ISQ). The hand-held RFA was held perpendicular to the jaw line as indicated by the manufacturer for buccal-lingual (BL), mesial-distal (MD), and lingual-buccal (LB) measurement and different measurements were analyzed as separately. RESULTS: Significantly higher magnetic RFA values were achieved on the 90th day in all measurement sides for both groups. ISQ levels in groups at baseline and the day-30, 60, and 90. ISQ readings were not statistically significant between test and control groups for each time point. A statistically significant increase in ISQ reading for BL, MD, and LB dimensions in both groups was noted from baseline to the day-90 (P < .05). CONCLUSION: It was concluded that PBMT did not have a clinically significant effect on implant stabilization, especially in terms of ISQ values at early alveolar bone healing term. Clinical trial number is NCT04495335.

Effects of Laser Photobiomodulation and Ozone Therapy on Palatal Epithelial Wound Healing and Patient Morbidity.

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to compare the effects of laser photobiomodulation (PBM) and topical ozone therapy on the reepithelialization of palatal donor site wounds through clinical assessment and computer-aided image analysis and to assess the patient morbidity following free gingival graft (FGG) surgeries. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Thirty-six patients requiring FGG were randomly allocated into three groups: laser group (n = 12), ozone group (n = 12), and control group (n = 12). Epithelialization was evaluated by applying 3% hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) to the wound area and also measured by using digital image analysis (ImageJ). Bland-Altman plots were used for assessing agreement between H2O2 and ImageJ measurements. Parameters in relation to patient morbidity were assessed by using visual analog scale (VAS) on the first 3, 7, 14, and 30 days postoperatively. RESULTS: At day 14, statistically significant smaller wounds were observed with digital image analysis in the ozone group as compared with the control group (p = 0.034). However, intergroup comparison of the remaining wound area evaluated by the clinician using the H2O2 method did not reveal any significant differences (p > 0.05). Nonetheless, according to Bland-Altman analysis, the lower and upper limits showed a moderate agreement between the two measurement methods. The mean VAS sores exhibiting postoperative discomfort was observed to be significantly higher in the control group compared with the laser group (p = 0.002) and ozone group (p < 0.001) at day 7. CONCLUSIONS: Adjunctive ozone therapy could have a significantly beneficial effect on the acceleration of palatal wound healing following FGG procedures. Both PBM and ozone treatment modalities reduced postoperative discomfort as compared with spontaneous healing.